List of Figures and Tables ..................................... ix
Acknowledgements ............................................... xv
1. Introducing the African Record .............................. 1
2. Frameworks in Space and Time ............................... 29
3. First Tool-Users and -Makers ............................... 59
4. Early Pleistocene Technologies and Societies .............. 108
5. Mid-Pleistocene Foragers .................................. 159
6. Transitions and Origins ................................... 201
7. The Big Dry: The Archaeology of Marine Isotope Stages
4-2 ....................................................... 260
8. Transitions: From the Pleistocene into the Holocene ....... 308
9. Hunting, Gathering, Intensifying: The Mid-Holocene
Record .................................................... 356
10. Foragers in a World of Farmers ............................ 400
11. The Future of the First Africans' Past .................... 443
Notes ......................................................... 463
Glossary ...................................................... 475
References .................................................... 479
Index ......................................................... 587
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