Foreword ........................................................ i
Preface ....................................................... iii
Editorial Acknowledgments ...................................... xi
Acknowledgment of Contributors ................................ xii
General Notice and Disclaimer ................................ xiii
Herb Monographs
Angelica root ................................................ 3
Arnica flower ................................................ 7
Artichoke leaf .............................................. 10
Asparagus root .............................................. 13
Bilberry fruit .............................................. 16
Black Cohosh root ........................................... 22
Blessed Thistle herb ........................................ 27
Boldo leaf .................................................. 30
Bromelain ................................................... 33
Buckthorn bark .............................................. 36
Butcher's Broom ............................................. 40
Calendula flower ............................................ 44
Cascara Sagrada bark ........................................ 47
Cayenne pepper .............................................. 52
Chamomile flower, German .................................... 57
Chaste Tree fruit ........................................... 62
Cinnamon bark ............................................... 65
Cinnamon bark, Chinese ...................................... 68
Cola nut .................................................... 72
Coriander seed .............................................. 75
Dandelion herb .............................................. 78
Dandelion root with herb .................................... 78
Devil's Claw root ........................................... 84
Echinacea Angustifolia herb and root/Pallida herb ........... 88
Echinacea Pallida root ...................................... 88
Echinacea Purpurea herb ..................................... 88
Echinacea Purpurea root ..................................... 88
Elder flower ............................................... 103
Eleuthero root ............................................. 106
Ephedra .................................................... 110
Eucalyptus leaf ............................................ 118
Eucalyptus oil ............................................. 118
Fennel oil ................................................. 124
Fennel seed ................................................ 124
Fenugreek seed ............................................. 130
Flaxseed ................................................... 134
Garlic ..................................................... 139
Gentian root ............................................... 149
Ginger root ................................................ 153
Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract ................................. 160
Ginseng root ............................................... 170
Goldenrod .................................................. 178
Hawthorn berry ............................................. 182
Hawthorn flower ............................................ 182
Hawthorn leaf .............................................. 182
Hawthorn leaf with flower .................................. 182
Hops ....................................................... 193
Horehound herb ............................................. 197
Horse Chestnut seed extract ................................ 201
Horseradish ................................................ 205
Horsetail herb ............................................. 208
Iceland moss ............................................... 212
Ivy leaf ................................................... 215
Juniper berry .............................................. 218
Kava Kava rhizome (root) ................................... 221
Lavender flower ............................................ 226
Lemon Balm ................................................. 230
Licorice root .............................................. 233
Linden flower .............................................. 240
Marshmallow leaf ........................................... 244
Marshmallow root ........................................... 244
Mate ....................................................... 249
Meadowsweet ................................................ 253
Milk Thistle fruit ......................................... 257
Mint oil ................................................... 264
Motherwort herb ............................................ 267
Mullein flower ............................................. 270
Myrrh ...................................................... 273
Oak bark ................................................... 278
Oat straw .................................................. 281
Onion ...................................................... 283
Orange peel, bitter ........................................ 287
Parsley herb and root ...................................... 290
Passionflower herb ......................................... 293
Peppermint leaf ............................................ 297
Peppermint oil ............................................. 297
Pine Needle oil ............................................ 304
Plantain ................................................... 307
Poplar bud ................................................. 311
Psyllium seed, Black ....................................... 314
Psyllium seed, Blonde ...................................... 314
Psyllium seed husk, Blonde ................................. 314
Pumpkin seed ............................................... 322
Rosemary leaf .............................................. 326
Sage leaf .................................................. 330
Saw Palmetto berry ......................................... 335
Senna leaf ................................................. 341
Senna pod (fruit) .......................................... 341
Shepherd's Purse ........................................... 350
Soy Lecithin ............................................... 354
Soy Phospholipid ........................................... 354
St. John's wort ............................................ 359
Stinging Nettle herb and leaf .............................. 367
Stinging Nettle root ....................................... 367
Thyme ...................................................... 376
Turmeric root .............................................. 379
Usnea ...................................................... 385
Uva Ursi leaf .............................................. 389
Valerian root .............................................. 394
Walnut leaf ................................................ 401
Watercress ................................................. 404
Willow bark ................................................ 408
Witch Hazel leaf and bark .................................. 413
Yarrow ..................................................... 419
Yeast, Brewer's ............................................ 424
Yeast, Brewer's/Hansen CBS 5926 ............................ 424
Yohimbe bark ............................................... 429
"Quick-Look" Cross-References
Uses ....................................................... 435
Contraindications .......................................... 446
Side Effects ............................................... 451
Pharmacological Actions .................................... 455
Interactions ............................................... 464
Use During Pregnancy and Lactation ......................... 465
Duration of Use ............................................ 466
Taxonomy by English Name ................................... 467
Taxonomy by Latin Name ..................................... 470
Appendices
Table 1: Top-selling Herbs in the United States ............ 475
Table 2: Herb Sales in United States by Retail Outlet ...... 476
Table 3: Top-selling Herbs in Germany ...................... 477
Table 4: Clinical Studies Conducted on Top-selling
European Phytomedicines ........................... 478
Table 5: Most Frequently Prescribed and Researched
Phytomedicine Brands in Germany and U.S. Brand
Counterparts ...................................... 479
Current Status of the Commission E ......................... 481
WHO Monographs ............................................. 484
Table 6: Uses of Medicinal Plants Supported by Clinical
Data in WHO Monographs ............................ 485
Table 7: WHO Monographs in Final Stages of Preparation-
Publication in 2000 ............................... 488
Table 8: ESCOP Monographs .................................. 489
Abbreviations and Symbols .................................. 492
Weights and Measures ....................................... 494
General References ............................................ 495
Index ......................................................... 499
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