PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS ............................................ 1
1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ........................................ 3
1.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................... 3
1.2 COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS ............................... 3
1.3 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ..................................... 5
1.4 BAND STRUCTURES, BAND GAPS AND LATTICE CONSTANTS ...... 7
1.5 OPTICAL PROPERTIES ................................... 11
1.6 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES ................................ 13
1.7 OTHER PROPERTIES ..................................... 22
2. CRYSTAL GROWTH METHODS .................................... 29
2.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................... 29
2.2 MELT GROWTH METHODS .................................. 29
2.3 SOLUTION GROWTH METHODS .............................. 37
2.4 VAPOR PHASE GROWTH METHOD ............................ 42
2.5 MODIFICATION OF CRYSTAL GROWTH METHODS ............... 46
3. PRINCIPLES OF CRYSTAL GROWTH .............................. 53
3.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................... 53
3.2 PHASE DIAGRAM ........................................ 53
3.3 CONVECTION ........................................... 55
3.4 MAGNETIC HELD APPLICATION ............................ 61
3.5 TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION AND THERMAL STRESS .......... 64
3.6 SEGREGATION AND SUPERCOOLING ......................... 68
3.7 DIAMETER CONTROL SYSTEM .............................. 73
4. DEFECTS ................................................... 79
4.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................... 79
4.2 POINT DEFECTS ........................................ 79
4.3 DISLOCATIONS ......................................... 89
4.4 STACKING FAULT DEFECTS AND TWINS ..................... 93
4.5 FACETS AND STRIATIONS ................................ 97
4.6 PRECIPITATES, INCLUSIONS AND VOIDS ................... 97
5. CHARACTERIZATION ......................................... 101
5.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 101
5.2 X-RAY DIFFRACTION ................................... 101
5.3 ELECTRON IRRADIATION ................................ 106
5.4 OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION ............................ 107
5.5 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES ............................... 113
5.6 IMPURITY AND COMPOSITION ANALYSIS ................... 120
6. APPLICATIONS ............................................. 125
6.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 125
6.2 PHOTONIC DEVICES .................................... 125
6.3 ELECTRONIC DEVICES .................................. 141
6.4 SOLAR CELLS ......................................... 149
6.5 FUNCTIONAL DEVICES .................................. 153
PART 2 III-V Materials .................................. 163
7. GaP ...................................................... 165
7.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 165
7.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ................................. 165
7.3 CRYSTAL GROWTH ...................................... 165
7.4 CHARACTERIZATION .................................... 173
7.5 APPLICATIONS ........................................ 180
8. GaAs ..................................................... 185
8.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 185
8.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ................................. 185
8.3 CRYSTAL GROWTH ...................................... 187
8.4 POST-GROWTH ANNEALING ............................... 212
8.5 PURITY .............................................. 216
8.6 DEFECTS ............................................. 221
8.7 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES ............................... 229
8.8 OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION ............................ 235
8.9 DEVICE PROPERTIES ................................... 239
9. GaSb ..................................................... 265
9.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 265
9.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ................................. 265
9.3 CRYSTAL GROWTH ...................................... 266
9.4 CHARACTERIZATION .................................... 275
9.5 APPLICATIONS ........................................ 278
10. InP ...................................................... 285
10.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 285
10.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ................................. 286
10.3 CRYSTAL GROWTH ...................................... 287
10.4 CHARACTERIZATION .................................... 305
10.5 APPLICATIONS ........................................ 315
11. InAs ..................................................... 331
11.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 331
11.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ................................. 331
11.3 CRYSTAL GROWTH ...................................... 331
11.4 CHARACTERIZATION .................................... 333
11.5 APPLICATIONS ........................................ 335
12. InSb ..................................................... 337
12.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 337
12.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ................................. 337
12.3 CRYSTAL GROWTH ...................................... 337
12.4 CHARACTERIZATION .................................... 344
12.5 APPLICATIONS ........................................ 347
PART 3 II-VI MATERIALS .................................. 353
13. CdS ...................................................... 355
13.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 355
13.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ................................. 355
13.3 CRYSTAL GROWTH ...................................... 355
13.4 CHARACTERIZATION .................................... 365
13.5 APPLICATIONS ........................................ 368
14. CdSe ..................................................... 371
14.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 371
14.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ................................. 371
14.3 CRYSTAL GROWTH ...................................... 371
14.4 CHARACTERIZATION .................................... 373
14.5 APPLICATIONS ........................................ 374
15. CdTe ..................................................... 377
15.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 377
15.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ................................. 377
15.3 CRYSTAL GROWTH ...................................... 378
15.4 CHARACTERIZATION .................................... 409
15.5 APPLICATIONS ........................................ 425
16. ZnS ...................................................... 441
16.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 441
16.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ................................. 441
16.3 CRYSTAL GROWTH ...................................... 441
16.4 CHARACTERIZATION .................................... 458
16.5 APPLICATIONS ........................................ 460
17. ZnSe ..................................................... 465
17.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 465
17.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ................................. 465
17.3 CRYSTAL GROWTH ...................................... 466
17.4 CHARACTERIZATION .................................... 492
17.5 APPLICATIONS ........................................ 499
18. ZnTe ..................................................... 507
18.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 507
18.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ................................. 507
18.3 CRYSTAL GROWTH ...................................... 507
18.4 CHARACTERIZATION .................................... 521
18.5 APPLICATIONS ........................................ 527
INDEX ......................................................... 533
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