Preface ....................................................... vii
Part 1 Introduction ............................................ 1
1 The research process ......................................... 3
Part 2 Research designs ....................................... 31
2 Experimental and quasi-experimental designs ................. 33
3 Correlational field study (survey) designs .................. 45
4 Case study research designs ................................. 72
5 Action research designs ..................................... 88
Part 3 Methods of data collection ............................. 99
6 Asking questions: Questionnaires and interviews ............ 101
7 Documentation and observation .............................. 123
Part 4 Measurement ........................................... 147
8 Reliability and validity ................................... 149
9 Scale development .......................................... 160
Part 5 Methods of data analysis .............................. 187
10 Quantitative data: Data set-up and initial analysis ........ 189
11 Quantitative data: Multivariate data analysis for
answering research questions and hypothesis testing ........ 220
12 Content analysis ........................................... 250
Part 6 Reporting research findings and ethical
considerations ........................................ 273
13 Writing up a quantitative or qualitative project ........... 275
14 Ethical issues and conduct in the practice of research ..... 316
Index ......................................................... 329
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