PREFACE ......................................................... V
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................ VII
INTRODUCTION ................................................... IX
CHAPTER 1 ....................................................... 1
SYSTEM OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT REGULATION IN THE
PLANT ........................................................... 1
1.1. Properties of natural hormones ........................ 1
1.1.1. Auxins ........................................ 1
1.1.2. Gibberellins .................................. 2
1.1.3. Cytokinins .................................... 5
1.2. Properties of Natural Inhibitors ...................... 8
1.2.1. Ethylene ...................................... 8
1.2.2. Abscisic acid and phenolic inhibitors ......... 9
1.2.3. Biosynthesis of Phytohormones and Natural
Growth Inhibitors ............................ 13
CHAPTER 2 ...................................................... 19
NATURAL GROWTH INHIBITORS AND PHYTOHORMONES UNDER
THE CONTROL OF THE PLANT'S GENOME .............................. 19
2.1. Genome - growth regulators ........................... 19
2.2. Photosynthetic changes during genome mutation ........ 27
2.3. Photomorphogenesis and Light Effect on
Phytohormones ........................................ 29
2.4. Light and functions of Phenolic Compounds in
Photomorphogenesis ................................... 32
2.5. Light and Hormones ................................... 36
2.6. Natural Growth Regulators and Functions of
Chloroplasts ......................................... 41
CHAPTER 3 ...................................................... 49
NATURAL INHIBITORS AND PHYTOHORMONES DURING LEAVES
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ......................................... 49
3.1. Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in the Green Chloroplasts ... 49
3.2. Phytohormones and Inhibitors in Mutants .............. 55
3.3. Phenolics in Chloroplasts ............................ 59
CHAPTER 4 ...................................................... 65
NATURAL GROWTH INHIBITORS AND PHYTOHORMONES IN THE
PROCESS OF CELLS AND ORGANS ELONGATION ......................... 65
4.1. The role of phytohormones and natural inhibitors
in growth of aboveground organs of plants ............ 67
CHAPTER 5 ...................................................... 81
PHENOLIC INHIBITORS AND ABSCISIC ACID DURING DORMANCY .......... 81
5.1. Natural Inhibitors, Auxins and Plant's Dormancy ...... 82
5.2. Role of Natural Growth Inhibitors During Plant's
Dormancy ............................................. 87
5.3. Functions of Phytohormones and Growth Inhibitors
During Dormancy Termination .......................... 89
5.4. Natural growth inhibitors and seeds germination ...... 96
CHAPTER 6 ..................................................... 105
CATABOLISM OF NATURAL GROWTH INHIBITORS IN THE PLANT
AND IN THE ABSCISED LEAVES .................................... 105
6.1. Transformations of natural growth inhibitors ........ 105
6.2. Dynamics of decomposition of isosalipurposide arid
phloridzin by plant tissues ......................... 106
6.3. Decomposition products of isosalipurposide and
phloridzin .......................................... 108
6.4. Biological Activity of Phloridzin and its Aglycone
Phloretin ........................................... 109
6.5. Ethylene Evolution and Abscisic Acid Content in
Citrus Plants ....................................... 113
6.6. Intact and Abscised Leaves and Their Properties ..... 117
CHAPTER 7 ..................................................... 121
NATURAL GROWTH INHIBITORS AS ALLELOPATHOGENS AND
BOTANICAL HERBICIDES .......................................... 121
CHAPTER 8 ..................................................... 135
NATURAL GROWTH INHIBITORS AND STRESS CONDITIONS ............... 135
8.1. General aspects of stress effects ................... 135
8.2. low temperature effects ............................. 136
8.3. Light as a factor of ontogeny and stress ............ 141
8.3.1. Exogenous and endogenous systems of
photomorphogenesis and phototropism
in plants ................................... 141
8.3.2. Photoreceptors .............................. 141
8.3.3. Light and phototropism ...................... 143
8.3.4. Inhibiting effects of light intensity ....... 146
8.3.5. Plant Height ................................ 148
8.3.6. Surface Area of Leaflets and Stipules ....... 148
8.3.7. Specific Leaf Weight (SLW) .................. 151
8.3.8. Daily Dry Weight Gain ....................... 152
8.3.9. Growth regulators and light deficiency ...... 157
8.3.10. UV-light as stress factor ................... 162
8.3.11. Light and ethylene production ............... 169
8.3.12. UV-B light and ABA-ethylene ratio ........... 173
CHAPTER 9 ..................................................... 181
NATURAL GROWTH INHIBITORS AND PHYTOHORMONES IN THE
INTACT PLANTS AND ISOLATED CELLS, ORGANS AND TISSUES .......... 181
9.1. Callus production by wild-type and transgenic
regenerants ......................................... 197
9.2. Proliferation of Subcultured Calli .................. 197
CHAPTER 10 .................................................... 213
NATURAL GROWTH INHIBITORS AND BIOTESTS ........................ 213
10.1. Action of Metabolic Inhibitors and Antibiotics on
Growth in Bio-Assays ................................ 214
10.2. Comparison of the Effects of Natural Growth
Inhibitors, Antibiotics and Some Solvents on
Growth of Coleoptile Segments and Root Formation
in Phaseolus Cuttings ............................... 225
10.3. Comparison of the Effects of Natural and Synthetic
Growth Inhibitors on Various Growth Forms ........... 230
10.4. Effect of Natural Inhibitors on Phytohormone
Activity and on Some Metabolic Processes
in Plants ........................................... 237
10.5. Bio-assay methods ................................... 243
10.5.1. Cell expansion tests ........................ 243
10.5.2. Cell division tests ......................... 245
10.5.3. Complex tests ............................... 247
10.6. Analysis of interaction of growth regulators ........ 248
CONCLUSION .................................................... 261
REFERENCES .................................................... 267
GLOSSARY ...................................................... 277
INDEX ......................................................... 311
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