The Sun: A Slowly Rotating Star
J.-P. Zahn ................................................... 1
1. The Sun Rotates .............................................. 1
2. The Sun Is a Slow Rotator .................................... 3
3. Solar Rotation in the Past ................................... 4
4. How Did the Sun Lose Its Angular Momentum? ................... 5
5. The Interior Rotation Unveiled by Helioseismology ............ 6
6. The Thin Tachocline Puzzle ................................... 7
7. Angular Momentum Transported by Internal Motions in the
Radiation Zone ............................................... 8
8. Is a Magnetic Field Able to Rigidify the Solar Rotation? ..... 9
9. The Solution: Transport by Internal Gravity Waves ........... 11
10.Perspectives ................................................ 13
References ..................................................... 13
What Is Coming: Issues Raised from Observation of the Shape
of the Sun
J.-P. Rozelot ............................................... 15
1. Introduction ................................................ 15
2. Observations of the Solar Shape ............................. 19
3. How Large Are the Temporal Variations of the Solar
Diameter? ................................................... 21
4. Solar Shape and Rotation .................................... 23
5. The Solar Shape and Fundamental Physics ..................... 25
6. Conclusion .................................................. 35
References ..................................................... 38
Effects of Rotation on Stellar p-Mode Frequencies
M.J. Goupil ................................................. 45
1. Introduction ................................................ 45
2. Definitions and Orders of Magnitude ......................... 46
3. A Wave Equation for a Rotating Star ......................... 50
4. A Variational Principle ..................................... 58
5. Slow Rotators ............................................... 59
6. Moderately Rotating Pulsating Stars ......................... 63
7. Fast Rotators: Nonperturbative Approaches ................... 80
8. Observed Rotational Splittings and Forward Inferences ....... 85
9. Inversion for Rotation ...................................... 87
References ..................................................... 95
Approaching the Low-Frequency Spectrum of Rotating Stars
M. Rieutord ................................................ 101
1. Introduction ............................................... 101
2. Waves in a Rotating Fluid .................................. 102
3. Inertial Modes ............................................. 103
4. The Poincare Equation ...................................... 107
5. The Gravito-inertial Modes ................................. 114
6. How Can We Compute These Modes? ............................ 116
7. Conclusions ................................................ 119
References .................................................... 120
The Rotation of the Solar Core
S. Turck-Chieze ............................................ 123
1. Introduction ............................................... 123
2. Evolution of the Solar Modeling ............................ 124
3. The Constraints Coming from Helioseismology ................ 128
4. Confrontation of the Seismic Internal Rotation Profile
to the Theoretical Profiles ................................ 133
5. Perspectives ............................................... 133
6. Conclusions ................................................ 134
References .................................................... 135
Physics of Rotation in Stellar Models
G. Meynet .................................................. 139
1. Physics of Rotation ........................................ 139
2. "Spinstars" at Very Low Metallicities? ..................... 165
References .................................................... 167
Long Baseline Interferometry of Rotating Stars
Across the HR Diagram: Flattening, Gravity Darkening,
Differential Rotation
A. Domiciano de Souza ...................................... 171
1. Introduction ............................................... 171
2. Principles of Optical/IR Long Baseline Interferometry
(OLBI) ..................................................... 172
3. Modelling Fast Rotation for Stellar Interferometry: The
"Roche-von Zeipel" Model ................................... 175
4. Rapid Rotation Across the HR Diagram: Results from
Interferometry ............................................. 179
5. Stellar Differential Rotation from Spectro-
interferometry ............................................. 188
6. Conclusions and Future Prospects ........................... 193
References .................................................... 193
Is the Critical Rotation of Be Stars Really Critical for
the Be P henomenon?
Ph. Stee and A. Meilland ................................... 195
1. Introduction ............................................... 195
2. a Arae ..................................................... 196
3. к СМа ...................................................... 199
4. Achernar ................................................... 201
5. A Possible Clue for the Be Phenomenon?...................... 203
References .................................................... 204
On the Rotation of A-Type Stars
F. Royer ................................................... 207
1. Introduction ............................................... 207
2. Measuring Rotational Broadening ............................ 209
3. Differential Rotation ...................................... 220
4. Gravity Darkening .......................................... 221
5. Distribution of Rotational Velocities ...................... 224
References .................................................... 227
The Solar Magnetic Field: Surface and Upper Layers, Network
and Internetwork Field
V. Bommier ................................................. 231
1. Introduction ............................................... 231
2. The Basic Ingredients of the Magnetic Field Measurement
in Astrophysics ............................................ 232
3. The Magnetic Field Observed in Solar Prominences ........... 243
4. The Magnetic Field Observed in the Photosphere ............. 250
References .................................................... 259
Index ......................................................... 261
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