List of contributors ............................................ x
Introduction ................................................. xiii
Part I Geophysical methods ...................................... 1
1. Electrical methods ........................................... 3
С. Kneisel and С. Наuск
1.1. Introduction ............................................ 3
1.2. Measurement principles .................................. 4
1.3. Data acquisition ........................................ 8
1.4. Data processing ......................................... 8
1.5. Periglacial applications and particularities ........... 10
1.6. Conclusions ............................................ 22
1.7. Checklist .............................................. 24
References .................................................. 24
2. Electromagnetic methods ..................................... 28
A. Hördt and С. Наuск
2.1. Introduction ........................................... 28
2.2. Background ............................................. 29
2.3. Periglacial applications and particularities ........... 44
2.4. Conclusions ............................................ 51
2.5. Checklist .............................................. 52
References .................................................. 53
3. Refraction seismics ......................................... 57
L. Schrott and T. Hoffmann
3.1. Introduction ........................................... 57
3.2. Measurement principles ................................. 58
3.3. Limitations of seismic refraction based on
measurement principles ................................. 62
3.4. Data acquisition ....................................... 64
3.5. Data processing ........................................ 69
3.6. Periglacial applications and particularities ........... 76
3.7. Checklist .............................................. 77
References .................................................. 78
4. Ground-penetrating radar .................................... 81
J. Berthling and K. Melvold
4.1. Introduction ........................................... 81
4.2. Measurement principles ................................. 82
4.3. Data acqusition ........................................ 83
4.4. Data processing ........................................ 87
4.5. Periglacial applications and particularities ........... 90
4.6. Recommendations ........................................ 93
References .................................................. 96
Part II Case studies ........................................... 99
5. Typology of vertical electrical soundings for
permafrost/ground ice investigation in the forefields
of small alpine glaciers ................................... 101
R. Delaloye and C. Lambiel
5.1. Introduction .......................................... 101
5.2. Method ................................................ 101
5.3. Typology .............................................. 103
5.4. Conclusions ........................................... 107
References ................................................. 107
6. ERT imaging for frozen ground detection .................... 109
M. Ishikawa
6.1. Introduction .......................................... 109
6.2. Data acquisition and quality control .................. 110
6.3. Case studies .......................................... 111
6.4. Summary ............................................... 116
References ................................................. 117
7. Electrical resistivity values of frozen soil from VES
and ТЕМ field observations and laboratory experiments ...... 118
K. Harada
1.1. Introduction .......................................... 118
7.1. Methods ............................................... 118
7.2. Results ............................................... 119
7.3. Summary ............................................... 124
References ................................................. 124
8. Results of geophysical surveys on Kasprowy Wierch,
the Tatra Mountains, Poland ................................ 126
W. Dobinski, B. Zogala, K. Wzietek and L. Litwin
8.1. Introduction .......................................... 126
8.2. Field site ............................................ 126
8.3. Methods ............................................... 128
8.4. Measurements .......................................... 128
8.5. Analysis and interpretation of the measurements ....... 132
8.6. Conclusions ........................................... 134
References ................................................. 134
9. Reassessment of DC resistivity in rock glaciers by
comparing with P-wave velocity: a case study in the
Swiss Alps ................................................. 137
A. Ikeda
9.1. Introduction .......................................... 137
9.2. Methods ............................................... 138
9.3. Field sites with borehole information ................. 138
9.4. Results ............................................... 139
9.5. Discussion ............................................ 147
9.6. Conclusions ........................................... 150
References ................................................. 150
10.Quantifying the ice content in low-altitude scree slopes
using geophysical methods .................................. 153
C. Hauck and C. Kneisel
10.1.Introduction .......................................... 153
10.2.Methods ............................................... 154
10.3.Field sites ........................................... 155
10.4.Results ............................................... 156
10.5.Discussion and conclusions ............................ 162
References ................................................. 163
11.The use of GPR in determining talus thickness and talus
structure .................................................. 165
O. Sass
11.1.Introduction .......................................... 165
11.2.Study sites and data acquisition ...................... 165
11.3.Results ............................................... 166
11.4.Conclusions ........................................... 171
References ................................................. 171
12.GPR soundings of rock glaciers on Svalbard ................. 172
J. Berthling, B. Etzelmüller, H. Farbrot, K. Isaksen,
M. Wale and R. Ødegard
12.1.Introduction .......................................... 172
12.2.Methods ............................................... 173
12.3.Results and interpretation ............................ 176
12.4.Discussion References ................................. 177
13.Arctic glaciers and ground-penetrating radar. Case study:
Stagnation Glacier, Вуlot Island, Canada ................... 178
T. Irvine-Fynn and B. Moorman
13.1.Introduction .......................................... 178
13.2.Field site ............................................ 179
13.3.Field methods ......................................... 181
13.4.Processing methods .................................... 182
13.5.Results ............................................... 183
13.6.Discussion ............................................ 187
13.7.Conclusions ........................................... 188
References ................................................. 188
14.Mapping of subglacial topography using GPR for determinin
subglacial hydraulic conditions ............................ 191
K. Melvold and T.V. Schuler
14.1.Introduction .......................................... 191
14.2.Field site ............................................ 194
14.3.Methodology ........................................... 194
14.4.Results ............................................... 199
14.5.Discussion ............................................ 203
14.6.Conclusions ........................................... 205
References ................................................. 205
15.Snow measurements using GPR: example from Amundsenisen,
Svalbard ................................................... 207
K. Melvold
15.1.Introduction .......................................... 207
15.2.GPR and GPS equipment and measurements ................ 208
15.3.Data processing ....................................... 210
15.4.Results and discussion ................................ 212
15.5.Conclusions ........................................... 215
References ................................................. 215
16.Mapping frazil ice conditions in rivers using ground
penetrating radar .......................................... 217
J. Berthling, H. Benjaminsen and A. Kvambekk
16.1.Introduction .......................................... 217
16.2.Setting and field procedures .......................... 218
16.3.Results ............................................... 219
16.4.Discussion ............................................ 222
16.5.Conclusions ........................................... 223
References ................................................. 223
Appendix Tables of geophysical parameters for periglacial
environments .................................................. 225
Index ......................................................... 238
The colour plates are situated between pages 80 and 81.
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