PREFACE ........................................................ xi
PART I OVERVIEW ................................................. 1
1. Introduction ................................................. 3
2. Mixed Liquor Biota Food Chain ............................... 19
3. Samples ..................................................... 27
4. Safety ...................................................... 31
PART II MICROSCOPY ............................................. 33
5. Rationale for Microscopy .................................... 35
6. The Microscope .............................................. 57
7. Microscopic Measurements .................................... 67
8. The Stereoscopic Binocular Microscope ....................... 71
9. Equipment and Supplies ...................................... 75
10.Wet Mounts and Smears ....................................... 77
11.Staining Techniques ......................................... 83
Part III THE BULK SOLUTION ..................................... 91
12.Dispersed Growth ............................................ 93
13.Particulate Material ........................................ 97
14.Spirochetes ................................................ 101
PART IV FLOC PARTICLES AND FOAM ............................... 103
15.Floe Particles ............................................. 105
16.Tetrads .................................................... 115
17.Zoogloeal Growth ........................................... 117
18.Foam ....................................................... 119
PART V PROTOZOA ............................................... 127
19.Protozoa ................................................... 129
20.Relative Predominance of Bacteria and Protozoa ............. 141
PART VI ROTIFERS .............................................. 147
21.Rotifers ................................................... 149
PART VII WORMS AND WORMLIKE ORGANISMS ......................... 155
22.Free-Living Nematodes ...................................... 157
23.Gastrotriches .............................................. 159
24.Water Bears ................................................ 161
25.Bristleworms ............................................... 163
26.Bloodworms ................................................. 165
27.Sludge Worms ............................................... 167
PART VIII CRUSTACEANS ......................................... 169
28.Copepods and Cyclops ....................................... 171
29.Water Fleas ................................................ 173
30.Ostracoda .................................................. 175
PART IX FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS ................................. 177
31.Filamentous Organisms ...................................... 179
PART X ALGAE AND FUNGI ........................................ 191
32.Algae ...................................................... 193
33.Fungi ...................................................... 195
PART XI COLLECTION, EVALUATION, AND PRESENTATION OF
OBSERVATIONS .................................................. 197
34.Microscopic Set-up and Rating Tables ....................... 199
35.Worksheets ................................................. 221
36.Report of Microscopic Examination .......................... 229
REFERENCES .................................................... 235
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .................................... 237
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS ............................................ 239
GLOSSARY ...................................................... 241
INDEX ......................................................... 243
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