List of Figures ................................................ ix
List of Tables ................................................. xi
About the Editors ............................................ xiii
Contributors ................................................. xvii
Preface ....................................................... xix
Acknowledgments ............................................... xxi
Chapter 1. Approaching the Problem of Ecological Valuation ...... 1
Ralph G. Stahl, Jr., Larry Kapustka,
Randall J.F. Bruins, and Wayne R. Munns, Jr.
Chapter 2. Sociocultural Valuation of Ecological Resources ...... 9
Jessica Glicken Turnley, Michael D. Kaplowitz,
Orie L. Loucks, Beth L. McGee, and Thomas Dietz
Chapter 3. Integrating Economics and Ecological Assessment ..... 45
Richard C. Bishop, Joshua Lipton, Michael
Margolis, Norman Meade, George L. Peterson,
and Alan Randall
Chapter 4. Valuation Methods ................................... 59
W.L. (Vic) Adamowicz, David Chapman, Gene
Mancini, Wayne R. Munns, Jr., Andrew Stirling,
and Ted Tomasi
Chapter 5. Complexity in Ecological Systems .................... 97
Katherine von Stackelberg, Sam Luoma, Ron
McCormick, Kristin Skrabis, Elaine Dorward-
King, and Stephen Polasky
Chapter 6. Organizing and Integrating the Valuation Process ... 129
Brian Heninger, Greg Biddinger, Chester Joy,
Catherine L. Kling, Doug Reagan, and Travis S.
Schmidt
Chapter 7. Synthesis, Recommendations, and Conclusions ........ 165
Randall J.F. Bruins, Wayne R. Munns, Jr.,
Larry Kapustka, and Ralph G. Stahl, Jr.
Case Study 1. National Park Establishment, Philippines ........ 173
Doug Reagan
Case Study 2. Large PCB-Contaminated River under Superfund
Interface between Remediation and Restoration ... 179
Katrina Von Stackleberg
Case Study 3. Extractive Development and the Valuation of
Biodiversity and Community Needs in
Madagascar ...................................... 187
Elaine Dorward-King
Case Study 4. 1991 Gulf War Oil Spill Long-Term Impacts
on Shoreline Habitats ........................... 195
Jacqui Michel
Case Study 5. Example of Valuing the Ecological Benefits
from the Clean Air Act and 1990 Amendments ...... 201
Brian T. Heninger
Case Study 6. The CALFED Bay-Delta Program - A Case Study
in Intertwined Ecological and Environmental
Resource Issues ................................. 207
Samuel N. Luoma
Index ......................................................... 217
List of Figures
Figure 1.1. Inputs to the ecological risk management
decision ............................................ 2
Figure 1.2. Relationship between risk tolerance and
the perceived value (in terms of function,
scarcity, uniqueness, inaccessibility, etc.)
of an ecological resource ........................... 3
Figure 2.1. The context of behavior after Spulak and
Turnley (2005) ..................................... 13
Figure 2.2. Selecting social indicators ........................ 29
Figure 4.1. Contrasting degrees of incomplete knowledge
(Stirling 1999) .................................... 79
Figure 4.2. Analysis approaches used by economists and
ecologists ......................................... 86
Figure 6.1. Food web for a forest ecosystem (modified from
Reagan 2006) ...................................... 153
Figure Cl.l.Environmental service flows for indigenous
communities ....................................... 175
Figure C6.1.Population size (number of adult individuals)
of winter-run Chinook salmon in the Sacramento
River watershed ................................... 209
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