1. Introduction ................................................. 9
2. Review of major approaches concerning forest hydrology ...... 11
2.1. Methods and impact research ............................ 11
2.2. The effect of forests on precipitation ................. 13
2.3. Atmosphere-forest-soil water transfer .................. 14
2.4. The role of forests on the outflow ..................... 17
3. Aim and scope of hydrological-forest research ............... 21
3.1. Aim of research ........................................ 21
3.2. Scope of research ...................................... 22
4. Research methods ............................................ 24
4.1. Criteria of catchment selection ........................ 24
4.2. Methods of catchment hydrological description .......... 25
4.3. Elaborations result of hydrological study .............. 26
4.4. Parameterisation of forest characteristic research
catchments ............................................. 27
4.5. Methods and scope of statistical analyses .............. 29
5. Research results ............................................ 31
5.1. Hydrological conditions in river catchments ............ 31
5.1.1. Catchment physical and geographic
characteristics ................................. 31
5.1.2. Year rainfalls and runoffs ...................... 32
5.1.3. Distribution of monthly runoffs ................. 36
5.1.4. Catchment retentive properties .................. 37
5.2. The role of forest in water circulation in the
period of climatic drought ............................. 44
5.2.1. Characteristics of the selected post-drought
period .......................................... 44
5.2.2. The impact of physical geographic conditions
on minimum runoffs .............................. 46
5.2.3. The impact of catchment forest cover on
rainfall and runoff in summer half-years
in the drought period ........................... 48
5.2.4. The effect of stand volume in the catchment
area on water circulation ....................... 59
5.2.5. The impact of catchment forest cover on
precipitation/outflow ratio under different
orographic conditions ........................... 62
5.3. The role of forest on the runoff during wet years ...... 67
5.3.1. Conditions of maximum runoffs ................... 67
5.3.2. The effect of forest on extreme runoffs
and discharges .................................. 71
5.3.3. The value and dates of discharges and
specific runoffs ................................ 78
5.4. Hydrological parameters in forest catchments and
their relationship with habitat conditions ............. 84
5.4.1. Water resources in forest catchments ............ 84
5.4.2. Characteristics of forest habitat and
stand parameters ................................ 85
5.4.3. Trends and cycles of changes of hydrological
parameters ...................................... 86
5.4.4. Variations in the runoff response to rainfall ... 90
5.4.5. Variation of runoff ............................. 92
5.5. Chemical composition of waters flowing from the
forest catchment areas ................................. 94
5.5.1. Variation in ion leaching from the catchment
area ............................................ 94
5.5.2. Physicochemical properties water and their
relationship with the outflow ................... 96
5.6. Stand demand for water ................................ 100
5.6.1. The impact of the age stands for the
dynamics of groundwater ........................ 100
5.6.2. The use of water resources by forest stands .... 102
5.6.3. Dependence growth on the climatic and
hydrological conditions ........................ 104
5.7. The effect of habitat conditions on water resources
in the forested catchments during the precipitation
deficit period ........................................ 110
5.7.1. Categorisation of catchments with regard
to habitat use ................................. 110
5.7.2. The value of the summer half-year runoff
resulting from different habitat conditions .... 1ll
5.7.3. Variation in catchment responses to monthly
rainfall in the summer half-year ............... 115
6. Results and conclusions .................................... 118
7. Abbreviations and symbols (in Polish) ...................... 129
Summary with the list of abbreviations and symbols
(in English) .................................................. 131
Literature .................................................... 136
Tables ........................................................ 145
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