 | Sorokhtin O.G. Global warming and global cooling: evolution of climate on Earth / Sorokhtin O.G., Chilingar G.V., Khilyuk L.F. - Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007. - xvi, 313 p.: ill., maps. - (Developments in earth and environmental sciences; 5). - ISBN 978-0-444-52815-5; ISSN 1571-9197
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Foreword ....................................................... XI
Preface ...................................................... Xlll
CHAPTER 1. Introduction to the Global Evolution of the
Earth .................................................. 1
1.1. Origin of the Earth and its Composition ................ 1
1.2. Formation of the Earth-Moon Double Planet ............. 11
1.3. Beginning of Tectonomagmatic Activity on Earth ........ 21
1.4. Separation of Earth's Core (Main Factor Driving
the Earth's Global Evolution) ......................... 26
1.5. Energy Balance of the Earth ........................... 41
1.6. Tectonic Activity of Earth ............................ 50
1.7. Evolution of the Chemical Composition of the
Mantle ................................................ 55
1.8. Formation of Oceanic and Continental Lithospheric
Plates ................................................ 61
CHAPTER 2. Degassing of Earth and Formation of Hydrosphere
and Atmosphere ...................................... 83
2.l. Formation of the Earth's Hydrosphere .................. 83
2.2. Formation of Iron-bearing Deposits .................... 92
2.3. Nature of Global Transgressions ....................... 99
2.4. Formation of the Earth's Atmosphere .................. 103
2.5. Evolution of Partial Pressure of Nitrogen in
the Atmosphere ....................................... 105
2.6. Evolution of Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure ......... 108
2.7. Oxygen Accumulation in the Earth's Atmosphere ........ 116
2.8. Generation of Abiogenic Methane ...................... 120
2.9. Origin of the "Ozone Holes" .......................... 130
CHAPTER 3. The Adiabatic Theory of Greenhouse Effect .......... 133
3.1. Introduction ......................................... 133
3.2. Greenhouse Effect .................................... 133
3.3. Principal Characteristics of Present-day
Atmosphere ........................................... 138
3.4. Key Points of the Adiabatic Theory of Greenhouse
Effect ............................................... 140
3.5. Possible Directions of Generalizing the Adiabatic
Theory ............................................... 148
3.6. Prognostic Atmospheric Temperature Estimates ......... 156
3.7. Impact of Anthropogenic Factor on the Earth's
Climate .............................................. 160
3.8. Influence of Oceans on the Atmospheric Content of
Carbon Dioxide ....................................... 162
3.9. Methane Emission Effect .............................. 165
CHAPTER 4. Evolution of Earth's Climates ...................... 167
4.1. Introduction .......................................... 167
4.2 Climatic Cooling during Cenozoic Era .................. 167
4.3 Bacterial Nature of the Earth's Glaciations ........... 171
4.4 Precession Cycles and the Earth's Climate ............. 180
4.5 Continental Drift and the Climates of Earth ........... 190
CHAPTER 5. Influence of Climate on Formation of Mineral
Deposits on Earth .................................. 195
5.1. Introduction ......................................... 195
5.2. Plate Tectonics and Origins of Endogenic Mineral
Deposits ............................................. 195
5.3. Earth's Core Separation Determining the Geologic
Evolution of Earth ................................... 205
5.4. The Influence of Ocean and Climates of Earth on
the Formation of Sedimentary Mineral Deposits ........ 211
5.5. Origin of Diamond-bearing Kimberlitic and Similar
Rocks ................................................ 219
5.6. Origin of Exogenic Deposits of Minerals .............. 222
5.7. Plate Tectonics and Formation of Hydrocarbon
Deposits ............................................. 224
CHAPTER 6. Origin and Development of Life on Earth
(Influence of Climate) ..................................... 235
6.1. Uniqueness of Earth .................................. 235
6.2. The Earth's Climate and Origin of Life ............... 236
6.3. Influence of Geologic Processes on the
Evolution of Earth's Life ............................ 240
6.4. Influence of Continental Drift and Marine
Transgressions on Ecology during Phanerozoic Eon ..... 244
6.5. Future Development of Atmosphere and the
Death of Earth ....................................... 255
CHAPTER 7. Global Forces of Nature Driving the Earth's
Climate ............................................ 259
7.1. Introduction ......................................... 259
7.2. Solar Irradiation Reaching the Earth ................. 261
7.3. Orbital Deviations and the Earth's Mass
Redistribution ....................................... 263
7.4. The Earth's Outgassing ............................... 265
7.5. Global Climatic Cooling due to Increase in
C02 Content .......................................... 271
7.6. Inner Sources of the Earth's Energy .................. 273
7.7. Smoothing Role of World Ocean ........................ 276
7.8. Microbial Activity at Earth's Surface ................ 278
7.9. Glacial and Interglacial Periods ..................... 279
7.10. Global Warming or Global Cooling? .................... 281
7.11. Conclusions ......................................... 284
References .................................................... 287
Further Reading ............................................... 295
Subject Index ................................................. 307
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