Khlebopros R.G. Catastrophes in nature and society: mathematical modeling of complex systems / Khlebopros R.G., Okhonin V.A., Fet A.I. - Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific, 2007. - 320 p. - ISBN-10 081-256-917-0; ISBN-13 978-881-256-917-2  Место хранения:   07 | Центральная библиотека Красноярского научного центра СО РАН | Красноярск

Оглавление / Contents

Preface ....................................................... vii Acknowledgments ................................................ ix 1. Environmental Microcatastrophes ............................. 1 Phase portraits .......................................... 2 Reflection from bisector ................................. 7 Simple population processes .............................. 9 More complex population processes ....................... 13 A case of erroneous ecological measures ................. 20 Classification of outbreaks ............................. 21 Classification of population processes .................. 26 References .............................................. 28 2. Cancer as a Catastrophe in Organisms ....................... 30 Diffuse cancer .......................................... 32 Solid tumors ............................................ 37 Crossing the tissue interface ........................... 41 Some special cases ...................................... 43 Prospects: prophylaxis of solid tumors .................. 46 3. Life and Atmosphere ........................................ 48 Earth's heat budget and surface temperature ............. 50 Earth's biota and a new stable temperature point ........ 52 Life and carbon dioxide ................................. 56 Stable points of life ................................... 59 Specified behavior of the curve C(T): effect of glaciation .............................................. 60 Global temperature dynamics under the effect of biota ... 62 References .............................................. 65 4. Technosphere-Biosphere Interaction and Global Climate ...... 67 Energy use .............................................. 67 Greenhouse effect: controls from technology ............. 76 Temperature rise and climate change ..................... 79 Alternative power sources ............................... 84 References .............................................. 88 5. Dynamics of Atmospheric Ozone .............................. 89 Ozone shield ............................................ 90 Ozone layer destruction ................................. 92 Ozone holes ............................................. 96 Formation mechanisms of ozone holes: hypotheses ......... 97 A new method for tracing stratospheric air flows (Kashkin method) ........................................ 99 Global stratospheric dynamics: facts ................... 100 A hypothesis of the ozone hole formation in terms of air-flow dynamics ...................................... 104 References ............................................. 109 6. Closed Ecological Systems and Earth's Biosphere ........... 111 Energy in space vehicles ............................... 112 Life support systems ................................... 115 Manmade closed biospheres .............................. 122 Planet Earth as spacecraft ............................. 130 References ............................................. 132 7. Environmental Damage ...................................... 133 Modern man and environment ............................. 133 Dynamics of environmental damage ....................... 134 Environmental disaster ................................. 147 8. Fining and Environment .................................... 150 Economy and environment ................................ 164 References ............................................. 168 9. Market .................................................... 169 Market and optimization of production .................. 169 Prime cost ............................................. 175 Free market ............................................ 176 Postulates of free market .............................. 177 Motives of competition ................................. 179 Pricing mechanism ...................................... 182 Rent ................................................... 184 Population change ...................................... 188 Quality of commodities ................................. 190 References ............................................. 200 10. Marketing Dynamics ........................................ 201 Fair competition ....................................... 202 Unfair competition ..................................... 205 11. Labor Market and Capitalism ............................... 210 Labor market ........................................... 210 Wages .................................................. 213 Capitalistic production ................................ 218 Expansion of production ................................ 221 Quality and technology advance ......................... 224 Theories of value ...................................... 228 Nature of capitalism ................................... 230 Social significance of rent ............................ 233 References ............................................. 234 12. Unemployment Dynamics ..................................... 235 Problem of unemployment ................................ 235 Earned income .......................................... 236 13. Objects of Nature as Commodities .......................... 241 Environment and property ............................... 241 Competition for resources .............................. 243 Sharing land: optimum principle ........................ 247 References ............................................. 256 14. Long-term Motivation ...................................... 257 Parameter of egoism .................................... 258 Planting forest ........................................ 267 15. Democracy in the Light of Electoral Procedures ............ 272 Representative government .............................. 272 Proportional and majority electoral systems ............ 276 Extreme case of a two-party system ..................... 278 Conventionality of electoral procedures ................ 279 Method of statistical sample ........................... 283 The Zipf-Pareto law .................................... 288 The logic of decision making ........................... 292 Comment ................................................ 297 A model of competition for votes between two similar parties ................................................ 298 References ............................................. 304 Conclusion .................................................... 305 Index ......................................................... 309