Preface ......................................................... v
Contributors ................................................... xi
Introductory Paper
A Focus on Climate During the Past 100 Years .................... 1
S. Brönnimann, T. Ewen, J. Luterbacher, H.F. Diaz,
R.S. Stolarski, and U. Neu
Section A. The Observational Climate Record
From the Bottom to the Stratosphere - Arctic Climate Features
as Seen from the First International Polar Year (1882-1883)
Until the End of World War II .................................. 29
C. Lüdecke
Arctic Sea Ice Data Sets in the Context of Climate Change
During the 20th Century ........................................ 47
G.V. Alekseev, S.I. Kuzmina, A.P. Nagurny, and N.E. Ivanov
The Evolving SST Record from ICOADS ............................ 65
S.D. Woodruff, H.F. Diaz, E.C. Kent, R.W. Reynolds,
and S. J. Worley
Upper-air Temperature Trends: Current Problems and Some
Recent Results ................................................. 85
A.M. Sterin, V.M. Khan, and K.G. Rubinshtein
Atmospheric Reanalyses and Climate Variations ................. 103
S. Uppala, A. Simmons, D. Dee, P. Kallberg, and
J.-N. Thépaut
Constructing Climate Quality Atmospheric Temperatures
from Satellite Microwave Measurements ......................... 119
C.A. Mears
Total Ozone Observations During the Past 80 Years ............. 129
S. Brönnimann, C. Vogler, J. Staehelin, R. Stolarski,
and G. Hansen
Section B. Climate Trends: Forcings and Processes
Arctic Sea Ice Variability During the Last Half Century ....... 143
J. Stroeve and W. Maslowski
Decadal Changes in Surface Radiative Fluxes and Their Role
in Global Climate Change ...................................... 155
M. Wild
Observed Interdecadal Changes in Cloudiness: Real
or Spurious? .................................................. 169
J.R. Norris
The Role of Land-Atmosphere Interactions for Climate
Variability in Europe ......................................... 179
S.I. Seneviratne and R. Stöckli
Aerosol Effects on Precipitation Locally and Globally ......... 195
U. Lohmann
Section C. Climate Variability and Extremes
Human Activity and Climate Change in Africa ................... 209
H. Paeth
Impacts of Climate Variability, Trends and NAO on
20th Century European Plant Phenology ......................... 221
A. Menzel, N. Estrella, and C. Schleip
Summer Heat Waves in Western Europe, Their Past Change and
Future Projections ............................................ 235
P.M. Della-Marta and M. Beniston
Distribution Changes of Seasonal Mean Temperature in
Observations and Climate Change Scenarios ..................... 251
S.C. Scherrer, M.A. Liniger, and C. Appenzeller
Section D. Chemical Changes and the Variability of the
Stratosphere
Long-term Tropospheric Ozone Trends: A Critical Review ........ 271
J. Staehelin and C. Schnadt Poberaj
Simulation of Long-term Evolution of Stratospheric Dynamics
and Chemistry: Role of Natural and Anthropogenic Forcings ..... 283
M. Dameris and R. Deckert
Dynamical Changes in the Arctic and Antarctic Stratosphere
During Spring ................................................. 293
U. Langematz and M. Kunze
Creating Knowledge from the Confrontation of Observations
and Models: The Case of Stratospheric Ozone ................... 303
G.P. Brasseur
Response of the Earth's Atmosphere to the Solar Irradiance
Variability ................................................... 317
E. Rozanov, T. Egorova, and W. Schmutz
Stratospheric Ozone Variations Caused by Solar Proton Events
Between 1963 and 2005 ......................................... 333
C. H. Jackman and E. L. Fleming
Sunspots, the QBO, and the Stratosphere in the North Polar
Region: An Update ............................................. 347
K. Labitzke, M. Kunze, and S. Brönnimann
Index ......................................................... 359
|
