Abstract ...................................................... iii
Zusammenfassung ................................................ iv
1 Introduction .................................................. 1
2 Microphysics of Precipitation ................................. 6
2.1 Theory .................................................... 6
2.1.1 Microphysical Processes ............................. 6
2.1.2 Precipitating Hydroineteor Types .................... 7
2.2 Representation in NWP Models ............................. 12
2.2.1 Concepts of Microphysical Paranieterizations ....... 12
2.2.2 Mesoseale Models ................................... 15
2.3 Observation by Polarimetric Radar ........................ 19
2.3.1 Radar Detection of Precipitation ................... 20
2.3.2 Polarimetric Radar Quantities ...................... 22
3 Synthetic Polarimetric Radar ................................. 28
3.1 Concept of a Polarimetric Radar Forward Operator ......... 29
3.2 Calculation of the Polarimetric Quantities ............... 31
3.3 Calculation of the Complex Dielectric Constant ........... 33
3.4 Beam Propagation ......................................... 35
3.5 Attenuation .............................................. 38
3.6 Interpolation of the Observations ........................ 39
4 Linking SynPolRad to the NWP Model ........................... 41
4.1 Input Parameters for Rain ................................ 42
4.2 Sensitivities of Polarimetric Quantities to
Microphysical Properties of Ice .......................... 43
4.3 Determination of the Free Parameters for Ice ............. 47
4.4 Melting lee and Brightband Effects ....................... 50
4.5 Evaluation of SynPolRad .................................. 53
5 Stratiform Case Study - 5 July 2005 .......................... 60
5.1 Synoptic Overview, Observations, and Model
Configuration ............................................ 61
5.2 Evaluation of the Life Cycle and Intensity ............... 61
5.3 Vertical Profiles ........................................ 72
5.4 Discussion ............................................... 75
6 Convective Case Study - 12 August 2004 ....................... 77
6.1 Synoptic Overview, Observations, and Model
Configuration ............................................ 78
6.2 Evaluation of the Life Cycle and Intensity ............... 79
6.3 Volume Scans and Vertical Profiles ....................... 85
6.4 Evaluation of the MesoNH ................................. 97
6.5 Discussion .............................................. 102
7 Conclusions and Outlook ..................................... 105
A Technical Specifications of POLDIRAD ........................ 110
B The T-Matrix Method ......................................... 111
С SynPolRad Parameters ........................................ 114
Symbols ....................................................... 116
Abbreviations ................................................. 118
Acknowledgements .............................................. 129
Curriculum Vitae .............................................. 130
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