Summary
Zusammenfassung
1. Introduction ................................................. 1
1.1. Overview ................................................ 1
1.2. Objectives and motivation ............................... 1
1.3. Working procedure ....................................... 4
1.3.1. 3D reflection seismic interpretation ............. 4
1.3.2. Tectonic modelling ............................... 8
1.3.3. Analogue modelling ............................... 9
2. Strain partitioning due to salt - insights from
interpretation of a 3D seismic data set in the NW German
Basin ....................................................... 11
2.1. Introduction ........................................... 11
2.2. Tectonic setting ....................................... 12
2.3. Data base .............................................. 14
2.4. 3D structures .......................................... 14
2.4.1. General stratigraphy ............................ 14
2.4.2. Carboniferous / Permian deformation ............. 18
2.4.3. Zechstein salt .................................. 20
2.4.4. Late Triassic and Jurassic deformation .......... 20
2.4.5. Late Jurassic / Early Cretaceous deformation .... 23
2.4.6. Late Cretaceous deformation ..................... 24
2.4.7. Cenozoic deformation ............................ 25
2.5. Discussion ............................................. 25
2.5.1. Kinematics derived from structures .............. 25
Carboniferous / Permian ......................... 26
Late Triassic and Jurassic ...................... 26
Late Jurassic / Early Cretaceous ................ 27
Late Cretaceous ................................. 28
Cenozoic ........................................ 29
2.5.2. Deformation around the Aller-lineament .......... 30
2.5.3. Interaction between faulting and salt
movements ....................................... 31
2.5.4. Comparison with other basins of the Southern
Permian Basin ................................... 32
2.6. Summary ................................................ 33
3. Prediction of sub-seismic faults and fractures -
integration of 3D seismic data, 3D retro-deformation,
and well data on an example of deformation around an
inverted fault .............................................. 35
3.1. Introduction ........................................... 35
3.2. Data base and reservoir characterisation ............... 37
3.3. Workflow ............................................... 37
3.3.1. Tectonic deformation history .................... 37
3.3.2. Coherency analysis and geostatistical fault
prediction ...................................... 38
3.3.3. 3D kinematic modelling (retro-deformation) ...... 39
3.3.4. Fracture interpretation from well data .......... 42
3.4. Discussion ............................................. 43
3.4.1. Interpretation of modelling results ............. 43
3.4.2. Comparison between coherency, modelling, and
well data ....................................... 44
3.4.3. Applications .................................... 46
3.5. Conclusions ............................................ 47
4. Evolution of a fault-surface from 3D attribute analysis
and displacement measurements ............................... 49
4.1. Introduction ........................................... 49
4.2. Data base and Methods .................................. 50
4.3. Fault analysis ......................................... 52
4.3.1. Large-scale fault analysis ...................... 52
4.3.2. Small-scale fault analysis ...................... 54
4.4. Discussion ............................................. 57
4.4.1. Fault corrugations and displacement
calculations .................................... 57
4.4.2. Implications for fracture prediction, scaling,
and seismic hazard assessment ................... 58
4.5. Conclusions ............................................ 59
5. Analogue modelling of fault-growth processes ................ 61
5.1. Introduction ........................................... 61
5.2. Scaling of the sandbox model ........................... 61
5.3. Model setup ............................................ 63
5.4. Results ................................................ 64
5.5. Discussion ............................................. 70
5.6. Conclusion ............................................. 71
6. Palcostress analysis from 3D seismic data - an outlook ...... 73
6.1. Introduction ........................................... 73
6.2. Data base and methods .................................. 73
6.3. Results ................................................ 73
6.4. Discussion ............................................. 75
7. Final conclusions ........................................... 77
References ..................................................... 81
Acknowledgements ............................................... 87
Appendix ...................................................... DVD
Curriculum vitae ............................................... 89
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