Preface ........................................................ xi
About the Authors ............................................ xiii
Acknowledgments ................................................ xv
1 Electromagnetics and Antenna Theory .......................... 1
1.1 Introduction ............................................ 1
1.2 Bandwidth ............................................... 4
1.3 Ultrawideband Phased Arrays ............................. 7
1.4 Wavefront Time Delay .................................... 8
1.5 Electromagnetic Radiation: Maxwell's Equations ......... 13
1.6 Fields from Time-Varying Electric and Magnetic Current
Sources ................................................ 25
1.6.1 Magnetic Vector Potential and the Scalar
Green's Function ................................ 28
1.6.2 Dyadic Green's Function ......................... 34
1.7 Boundary Conditions .................................... 48
1.8 Wave Equation for Conducting Media, Propagation
Parameters ............................................. 49
1.9 Electromagnetic Energy Flow ............................ 55
1.10 Fields of Short Electric and Magnetic Dipoles .......... 60
1.10.1 Introduction .................................... 60
1.10.2 Derivation of Fields for z Hertzian Dipole ...... 62
1.10.3 Derivation of Fields for an Arbitrarily
Polarized Hertzian Dipole ....................... 64
1.10.4 Duality and Fields for Hertzian Loop and
Dipole Antennas ................................. 67
1.10.5 Image Theory for Electric and Magnetic Dipoie
Antennas ........................................ 70
1.11 Electromagnetic Wave Polarization and Receive
Antennas ............................................... 71
1.11.1 Introduction .................................... 71
1.11.2 Short Dipole with Triangular Current
Distribution .................................... 78
1.11.3 Small Current Loop with Uniform Current
Distribution .................................... 80
1.12 Summary ................................................ 81
References .................................................. 81
2 Phased Array Antenna Theory ................................. 91
2.1 Introduction ........................................... 91
2.2 Phased Array Basics .................................... 91
2.2.1 Arrays of Isotropic Elements .................... 93
2.2.2 Array Far-Zone Electromagnetic Fields ........... 99
2.2.3 Array Mutual Coupling Effects .................. 100
2.3 Reaction Integral Equation ............................ 109
2.4 Method of Moments ..................................... 112
2.5 Theory for Analysis of Infinite Arrays ................ 117
2.6 Summary ............................................... 127
References ................................................. 127
3 Ultrawideband Dipole Arrays ................................ 135
3.1 Introduction .......................................... 135
3.2 Ultrawideband Dipole Array Concept .................... 135
3.3 Ultrawideband Dipole Compared to Thin Dipole: Free
Space ................................................. 141
3.4 Ultrawideband Dipole Embedded in Seven-Element Array .. 142
3.5 Ultrawideband Dipole over Perfect Conducting Ground
Plane ................................................. 143
3.6 Ultrawideband Dipole with Feed Point Close to Ground
Plane ................................................. 152
3.7 Infinite Array of Ultrawideband Dipoles over Ground
Plane ................................................. 156
3.8 Ultrawideband Dipole Array Prototype Design
Fabrication, and Test ................................. 160
3.8.1 Prototype 1 .................................... 165
3.8.2 Prototype 2 .................................... 168
3.8.3 Prototype 3 .................................... 170
3.8.4 Prototype 4 .................................... 170
3.8.5 Prototype 5 .................................... 171
3.9 Summary ................................................ 175
References ................................................. 177
4 Resistively Loaded Patch Dipole Array Antenna .............. 181
4.1 Introduction .......................................... 181
4.2 Array Antenna Design Approach ......................... 181
4.3 Ultrawideband Patch Dipole Array Antenna Design
and Prototype Development ............................. 184
4.4 Ultrawideband Dipole Array Antenna Simulation
Results ............................................... 186
4.5 Summary ............................................... 191
References ................................................. 195
5 Linear Array of Horizontally Polarized Omnidirectional
Antennas ................................................... 197
5.1 Introduction .......................................... 197
5.2 Slot Array Antenna Design and Analysis ................ 198
5.3 Prototype Slotted Cylinder Array Antenna .............. 205
5.4 Summary ............................................... 206
References ................................................. 211
6 Parasitic Dipole Array ..................................... 213
6.1 Introduction .......................................... 213
6.2 Parasitic Dipole Array Prototype Design and
Fabrication ........................................... 214
6.3 Prototype Parasitic Dipole Array Measured Results ..... 218
6.4 Summary ............................................... 219
References ................................................. 224
7 Parasitic Dipole and Monopole Arrays over Ground Plane ..... 227
7.1 Introduction .......................................... 227
7.2 Array Design .......................................... 227
7.3 Array Fabrication ..................................... 230
7.4 Measured Results ...................................... 233
7.5 Summary ............................................... 235
References ................................................. 239
8 Time-Delay Steered Parasitic Dipole Linear Array ........... 241
8.1 Introduction .......................................... 241
8.2 Array Design and Fabrication 001855 ................... 241
8.3 Measured Results ...................................... 247
8.4 Summary ............................................... 252
References ................................................. 254
9 Multipolarized Vector Sensor Antenna Array ................. 255
9.1 Introduction .......................................... 255
9.2 UAV Characteristics for Vector Sensor Antenna
Integration ........................................... 256
9.3 Vector Sensor Antenna Prototype: Design and
Fabrication ........................................... 257
9.4 Measured Radiation Patterns of Vector Sensor
Prototypes Installed on a UAV ......................... 264
9.5 Summary ............................................... 266
References ................................................. 273
Acronyms ................................................... 275
Index ......................................................... 277
|
