Foreword ...................................................................... iii
Preface ......................................................................... v
Contributors .................................................................. vii
Acronyms ..................................................................... viii
Figures and Tables .............................................................. x
1. Executive Summary ............................................................ 1
2. Introduction ................................................................. 4
3. General Situation of Women Scientists in Asia ................................ 6
3-1. Basic education ............................................................ 6
3-2. STEM education ............................................................. 7
3-3. Employment and salary ..................................................... 13
3-4. Work versus family ........................................................ 21
3-5. Leadership ................................................................ 22
4. Good practices .............................................................. 25
4-1. Government policy ......................................................... 25
4-2. Women scientist organizations ............................................. 26
4-3. Academies and academic societies of sciences .............................. 27
5. Challenges .................................................................. 28
5-1. Culture ................................................................... 28
5-2. Barriers to education ..................................................... 28
5-3. Balancing work and family ................................................. 29
5-4. Leaky-pipeline and glass ceiling .......................................... 30
6. Recommendations ............................................................. 30
7. Conclusion .................................................................. 32
8. References .................................................................. 37
Annexes
A. Country Reports
1. Australia ................................................................... 41
2. Bangladesh .................................................................. 51
3. India ....................................................................... 67
4. Korea ....................................................................... 85
5. Malaysia .................................................................... 97
6. Nepal ...................................................................... 105
7. Pakistan ................................................................... 113
8. Philippines ................................................................ 123
9. Sri Lanka .................................................................. 133
10. Turkey .................................................................... 143
B. AASSA Workshop programs and summaries
1. ANAS-AASSA Workshop ........................................................ 151
2. INSA-AASSA Workshop ........................................................ 157
3. TUBA-AASSA Workshop ........................................................ 165
4. KAST-AASSA Workshop ........................................................ 175
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