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Preface ....................................................... xvi
Acknowledgment ............................................... xxii
       Section 1  Overview to Global Supercomputing and its 
                       Current Challenges
Chapter 1  Overview of Global Supercomputing .................... 1
   Richard S. Segall, Arkansas State University, USA
   Neha Gupta, Northeastern University, USA & Osmania 
   University, India
Chapter 2  History of Supercomputing and Supercomputer 
Centers ........................................................ 33
   Jeffrey S. Cook, Independent Researcher, USA
   Neha Gupta, Northeastern University, USA & Osmania 
   University, India
Chapter 3  Applications and Current Challenges of 
Supercomputing across Multiple Domains of Computational 
Sciences ....................................................... 56
   Neha Gupta, Northeastern University, USA & Osmania 
   University, India
                Section 2  Supercomputing Applications
Chapter 4  Accelerated Discovery and Design of Nano-Material
Applications in Nuclear Power by Using High Performance
Scientific Computing ........................................... 83
   Liviu Popa-Simil, Los Alamos Academy of Science, USA
Chapter 5  Using High Performance Scientific Computing to
Accelerate the Discovery and Design of Nuclear Power 
Applications .................................................. 119
   Liviu Popa-Simil, Los Alamos Academy of Science, USA
Chapter 6  Applications of Supercomputers in Sequence 
Analysis and Genome Annotation ................................ 149
   Gerard G. Dumancas, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 
   USA
Chapter 7  Applications of Supercomputers in Population
Genetics ...................................................... 176
   Gerard G. Dumancas, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 
   USA
Chapter 8  Supercomputers in Modeling of Biological Systems ... 201
   Randall Maples, Oklahoma State University, USA
   Sindhura Ramasahayam, Oklahoma State University, USA
   Gerard G. Dumancas, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation,
   USA
Chapter 9  Role of Supercomputers in Bioinformatics ........... 223
   Anamika Singh, Department of Botany, Maitreyi College,
   University of Delhi, India
   Rajeev Singh, Division of RCH, Indian Council of Medical 
   Research, India
   Neha Gupta, Northeastern University, USA & Osmania
   University, India
Chapter 10 Energy Network Operation in the Supercomputing
Era ........................................................... 242
   Tianxing Cai, Lamar University, USA
   Neha Gupta, Northeastern University, USA & Osmania 
   University, India
                    Section 3 Supercomputer Theory
Chapter 11 Steganography Encoding as Inverse Data Mining ...... 264
   Dan Ophir, Ariel University, Israel & Tel Aviv University,
   Israel
Chapter 12 Cloud Computing: Future of the Past ................ 288
   Manzoor Ahmed Khan, Technische Universitдt Berlin, 
   Germany
   Fikret Sivrikaya, Technische Universitдt Berlin, Germany
Chapter 13 Programming Paradigms in High Performance 
Computing ..................................................... 303
   Venkat N. Gudivada, Marshall University, USA
   Jagadeesh Nandigam, Grand Valley State University, USA
   Jordan Paris, Marshall University, USA
Chapter 14 Data Mining for High Performance Computing ......... 331
   Shen Lu, Soft Challenge LLC, USA
       Section 4  Supercomputing Leadership and Philosophy
Chapter 15 Super Leaders: Supercomputing Leadership for the
Future ........................................................ 351
   Kim Grover-Haskin, University of North Texas, USA
Chapter 16 Supercomputers: A Philosophical Perspective ........ 378
   Jeremy Horne, International Institute of Informatics and 
   Systemics, Mexico
Chapter 17 Supercomputers: A Philosophy of Their Language ..... 411
   Jeremy Horne, International Institute of Informatics and
   Systemics, Mexico
Appendix: The Top 500 Supercomputers in the World ............. 445
Glossary ...................................................... 589
Compilation of References ..................................... 606
About the Contributors ........................................ 661
Index ......................................................... 668
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