Springer handbook of nanomaterials / ed.: R.Vajtai. - Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer, 2013. - xxxvi, 1221 p.: ill. - Bibliogr. at the end of the chapters. - Subject ind.: p.1181-1221. - ISBN 978-3-642-20594-1  Место хранения:   02 | Отделение ГПНТБ СО РАН | Новосибирск

Оглавление / Contents

Foreword by Claes-Gцran Granqvist ............................... V Foreword by Neal Lane ......................................... VII List of Abbreviations ........................................ XXIX 1 Science and Engineering of Nanomaterials Robert Vajtai ................................................ 1 1.1 History and Definition of Nanomaterials ................. 2 1.2 Formation of Nanomaterials .............................. 6 1.3 Properties of Nanomaterials ............................ 10 1.4 Typical Applications of Nanomaterials .................. 22 1.5 Concluding Remarks ..................................... 31 1.6 About the Contents of the Handbook ..................... 31 References .................................................. 31 Part A NanoCarbons 2 Graphene - Properties and Characterization Aravind Vijayaraghavan ...................................... 39 2.1 Methods of Production .................................. 42 2.2 Properties ............................................. 50 2.3 Characterization ....................................... 58 2.4 Applications ........................................... 69 2.5 Conclusions and Outlook References .................................................. 74 3 Fullerenes and Beyond: Complexity, Morphology, and Functionality in Closed Carbon Nanostructures Humberto Terrones ........................................... 83 3.1 Geometry and Structural Features of Fullerenes ......... 85 3.2 Methods of Synthesis of Fullerenes and Proposed Growth Models .......................................... 88 3.3 Physicochemical Properties of Fullerenes ............... 90 3.4 Applications of Fullerenes and Beyond .................. 92 3.5 Conclusions ............................................ 99 References .................................................. 99 4 Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Sebastien Nanot, Nicholas A. Thompson, Ji-Hee Kim, Xuan Wang, William D. Rice, Erik H. Hároz, Yogeeswaran Ganesan, Cary L. Pint, Junichiro Kono ............................... 105 4.l History ............................................... 106 4.2 Crystallographic and Electronic Structure ............. 106 4.3 Synthesis ............................................. 111 4.4 Optical Properties .................................... 115 4.5 Transport Properties .................................. 123 4.6 Thermal and Mechanical Properties ..................... 128 4.7 Concluding Remarks .................................... 135 References ................................................. 135 5 Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Ácos Kukovecz, Gabor Kozma, loltán Kónya ................... 147 5.1 Synthesis ............................................. 148 5.2 Chemistry of MWCNTs ................................... 153 5.3 Properties ............................................ 157 5.4 Selected Applications ................................. 163 References ................................................. 169 6 Modified Carbon Nanotubes Aarón Morelos-Gómez, Ferdinando Tristán López, Rodolfo Cruz-Silva, Sofia M. Vega Díaz, Mauricio Terrones .......... 189 6.1 Doped Carbon Nanotubes ................................ 191 6.2 Defects in Carbon Nanotubes ........................... 193 6.3 Nanotube Chemical Functionalization ................... 197 6.4 Properties of Modified Carbon Nanotubes ............... 203 6.5 Characterization of Modified Carbon Nanotubes ......... 208 6.6 Applications of Modified Carbon Nanotubes ............. 215 6.7 Toxicity and Biocompatibility ......................... 218 6.8 Conclusions ........................................... 220 6.9 Outlook and Perspectives .............................. 221 References ................................................. 221 7 Carbon Nanofibers Yoong A. Kim, Takuya Hayashi, Morinobu Endo, Mildred S. Dresselhaus ............................................. 233 7.1 Similarity and Difference Between Carbon Fibers and Carbon Nanofibers ...................................... 234 7.2 Growth and Structural Modifications of Carbon Nanofibers ............................................ 238 7.3 Applications of Carbon Nanofibers ..................... 251 7.4 Conclusions ........................................... 257 References ................................................. 258 8 Nanodiamonds Olga A. Shenderova, Suzanne A. Ciftan Hens ................. 263 8.1 Stability of Diamond at the Nanoscale ................. 264 8.2 Types of Nanodiamonds and Methods of Nanodiamond Synthesis ............................................. 267 8.3 Detonation Nanodiamond Processing and Modification .... 278 8.4 Fluorescent Nanodiamonds .............................. 284 8.5 Applications of Nanodiamond Particles ................. 285 8.6 Future Directions of Production and Applications ...... 292 References ................................................. 293 Part В NanoMetals 9 Noble Metal Nanoparticles Theruvakkattil S. Sreeprasad, Thalappil Pradeep ............ 303 9.1 Historical Perspective of Gold and Silver NPs ......... 304 9.2 Diverse Nanostructures ................................ 307 9.3 Common Synthetic Routes for the Preparation of Noble Metal NPs ............................................. 311 9.4 Properties of Noble Metal Nanoparticles ............... 322 9.5 Postsynthetic Tuning of Properties .................... 324 9.6 Functionalized Metal NPs .............................. 343 9.7 Applications of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles ......... 347 9.8 New Gold and Silver Materials - Quantum Clusters ...... 363 9.9 Conclusions ........................................... 366 References ................................................. 367 10 Nanostructures of Common Metals Melinda Mohl, Krisztián Kordás ............................. 389 10.1 Post-Transition Metals ................................ 390 10.2 Transition Metals ..................................... 392 10.3 Concluding Remarks .................................... 398 References ................................................. 399 11 Alloys on the Nanoscale Giovanni Barcaro, Alfredo Caro, Alessandro Fortunelli ...... 409 11.1 Concepts and Principles ............................... 411 11.2 Preparation and Synthesis ............................. 413 11.3 Characterization of Nanoparticles and Nanoalloys ...... 417 11.4 Properties ............................................ 424 11.5 Nanostructured Bulk Alloys ............................ 450 11.6 Applications .......................................... 457 11.7 Concluding Remarks .................................... 458 References ................................................. 459 12 Magnetic Nanostructures: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications Shashwat Shukla, Pratap Kumar Deheri, Raju V. Ramanujan ... 473 12.1 Background ............................................ 414 12.2 Atomic Origin of Magnetism ............................ 475 12.3 Magnetic Length Scales and Origin of Nanomagnetic Behavior .............................................. 478 12.4 Magnetic Nanostructures ............................... 483 12.5 Conclusions ........................................... 505 References ................................................. 506 Part C Nano Ceramics 13 Nanocrystalline Functional Oxide Materials Rakesh Shukla, Dimple P. Dutta, Jayshree Ramkumar, Balaji P. Mandal, Avesh K. Tyagi ........................... 517 13.1 Synthesis Methods ..................................... 518 13.2 Optical Properties of Oxide Nanomaterials ............. 524 13.3 Sorbent Properties of Oxide Nanomaterials ............. 532 13.4 Catalytic Properties of Oxide Nanomaterials ........... 536 13.5 Oxide Nanomaterials in Ionics ......................... 538 13.6 Conclusions ........................................... 541 References ................................................. 542 14 Piezoelectric Nanoceramics Xiaohui Wang, Shaopeng Zhang, Longtu Li .................... 553 l4.1 Introduction to BSPT .................................. 554 l4.2 Synthesis of BSPT Nanopowders via Sol-Gel Method ...... 555 14.3 Sintering of BSPT Nanoceramics ........................ 556 l4.4 Grain Size Effect on the Properties of BSPT Ceramics .. 563 14.5 Summary .............................................. 567 References ................................................. 568 15 Graphite Oxide Wei Gao .................................................... 571 15.1 Synthesis of Graphite Oxide ........................... 572 15.2 Characterization, Chemical Structure and Properties ... 576 15.3 Applications .......................................... 589 15.4 Concluding Remarks .................................... 592 References ................................................. 592 16 Compound Crystals Roi Levi, Maya Bar-Sadan, Reshef Tenne ..................... 605 16.1 Nanostructures ........................................ 605 16.2 Synthetic Methods ..................................... 608 16.3 Physical Properties ................................... 618 16.4 Applications .......................................... 628 16.5 Conclusions ........................................... 630 References ................................................. 631 17 Growth of Nanomaterials by Screw Dislocation Fei Meng, Stephen A. Morin, Song Jin ....................... 639 17.1 Classical Crystal Growth Theories ..................... 640 17.2 Theories for Screw-Dislocation-Driven Growth of Nanomaterials ......................................... 642 17.3 Structural Characterization of these Nanomaterials .... 645 17.4 Generality of Dislocation-Driven Nanomaterial Growth .. 649 17.5 Rational Growth of Dislocation-Driven Nanomaterials - General Strategies .................................... 658 17.6 Applications .......................................... 659 17.7 Summary and Perspectives .............................. 660 References ................................................. 661 18 Glasses on the Nanoscale Hellmut Eckert, Sidney J.L. Ribeiro, Silvio H. Santagneli, Marcelo Nalin, Gael Poirier, Younès Messaddeq .. 665 18.1 Studying Medium-Range Order in Glasses and Nanoceramics .......................................... 666 18.2 Nanoceramics .......................................... 676 18.3 Perspectives and Concluding Remarks ................... 684 References ................................................. 685 Part D NanoComposites 19 Carbon in Polymer Robert J. Young, Libo Deng, Lei Gong, Ian A. Kinloch ....... 695 19.1 Materials Basics ...................................... 695 19.2 Carbon Nanotube Composites ............................ 702 19.3 Graphene Composites ................................... 716 19.4 Conclusions ........................................... 722 References ................................................. 722 20 Nanoparticle Dispersions Krisztián Kordás, Jarmo Kukkola, Géza Toth, Heli Jantunen, Maria Szabó, András Sápi, Ákos Kukovecz, Zoltán Kónya, Jyri-Pekka Mikkola .................................. 729 20.1 Stabilization of Nanoparticle Dispersions ............. 730 20.2 Nanoparticle Dispersion in Practice ................... 734 20.3 Dispersions of Carbon Nanomaterials ................... 745 20.4 Drying Dispersions on Surfaces ........................ 752 20.5 Concluding Remarks .................................... 758 References ................................................. 758 Part E Nanoporous Materials 21 Nanoporous Metals Yi Ding, Zhonghua Zhang .................................... 779 21.1 Preparation of Nanoporous Metals ...................... 779 21.2 Properties of Nanoporous Metals ....................... 789 21.3 Applications .......................................... 808 21.4 Concluding Remarks and Prospects ...................... 810 References ................................................. 811 22 Zeolites István Pálinkó, Zoltán Kónya, Ákos Kukovecz, Imre Kiricsi .. 819 22.1 Common Zeolite Frameworks ............................ 822 22.2 Zeolite and Zeolite-Related Molecular Sieves .......... 823 22.3 Natural Zeolites: Occurrence and Formation ............ 825 22.4 Methods of Identification and Characterization ........ 828 22.5 Synthesis of Zeolitic Materials ....................... 830 22.6 Ion Exchange, Sorption, and Diffusion in Microporous Materials ............................................. 836 22.7 Acid-Base Properties of Zeolites ...................... 841 22.8 Stability and Modification of Zeolite Structures ...... 843 22.9 Zeolites as Catalysts ................................. 846 22.10 Some Special Applications of Zeolites ................ 848 22.11 Conclusions .......................................... 850 References ................................................. 850 23 Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Qiaoling Xu, Guowen Meng ................................... 859 23.1 Background ............................................ 859 23.2 Preparation of AAO Templates .......................... 860 23.3 Nanostructures Constructed in AAO Templates ........... 862 23.4 Conclusions and Outlook ............................... 879 References ................................................. 879 24 Porous Silicon Paolo Bettotti ............................................. 883 24.1 Basics of Porous Silicon Electrochemistry and Formation Models ...................................... 884 24.2 Other Etching Methods ................................. 886 24.3 Porous Silicon Structural Properties .................. 887 24.4 Light Emission from Porous Silicon .................... 890 24.5 Thermal and Electrical Properties ..................... 891 24.6 The Role of the Surface ............................... 891 24.7 Applications of Porous Silicon ........................ 892 24.8 Conclusions ........................................... 897 References ................................................. 898 Part F Organic and Bionanomaterials 25 Organic Nanomaterials Huanli Dong, Wenping Нu .................................... 905 25.1 Preparation/Synthesis of Organic Nanomaterials ........ 905 25.2 Properties of Organic Nanomaterials ................... 910 25.3 Applications .......................................... 925 25.4 Concluding Remarks .................................... 930 References ................................................. 932 26 Nanocomposites as Bone Implant Material Vinod Kumar, Bipul Tripathi, Anchal Srivastava, Preeti S. Saxena .................................................. 941 26.1 The Quest for a Suitable Bone Implant ................. 942 26.2 Bone .................................................. 942 26.3 Existing/Conventional Bone Implant Materials and Their Shortcomings .................................... 944 26.4 Major Challenges with Existing/Conventional Implant Materials ............................................. 949 26.5 Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering ................. 949 26.6 Future Perspectives ................................... 965 References ................................................. 965 27 Nanofiber Biomaterials Rachelle N. Palchesko, Yan Sun, Ling Zhang, John M. Szymanski, Quentin Jallerat, Adam W. Feinberg .............. 977 27.1 Methods of Production ................................. 980 27.2 Properties of Nanofiber Biomaterials .................. 986 27.3 Characterization of Nanofiber Biomaterials ............ 993 27.4 Applications .......................................... 999 27.5 Conclusions and Outlook .............................. 1005 References ................................................ 1006 Part G Applications and Impact 28 Nanostructured Materials for Energy-Related Applications Arava L.M. Reddy, Sundara Ramaprabhu ...................... 1013 28.1 Energy-Related Carbon Nanotubes ...................... 1013 28.2 CNTs as Support Material for Electrocatalysts in PEMFC ................................................ 1016 28.3 CNTs as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials ........... 1023 References ................................................ 1032 29 Nanomaterials in Civil Engineering Jaesang Lee, Seunghak Lee, Eunhyea Chung, Vincent C. Reyes, Shaily Mahendra ................................. 1039 29.1 Applications of MNMs in Construction ................. 1041 29.2 Environmental Release of MNMs Used in Construction ... 1047 29.3 Potential Adverse Biological Impacts and Toxicity Mechanisms ........................................... 1049 29.4 Mitigation of Environmental and Health Impacts ....... 1052 29.5 Conclusions .......................................... 1054 References ................................................ 1055 30 Plasmonic Nanomaterials for Nanomedicine Renat R. Letfullin, Thomas F. George ...................... 1063 30.1 Introduction ......................................... 1063 30.2 Nanooptics - Lorenz-Mie Formalism .................... 1064 30.3 Optical Properties of Gold Nanoparticles in Biological Media ..................................... 1065 30.4 Kinetics of Heating and Cooling of Nanoparticles ..... 1067 30.5 Spatial Distribution of Temperature Fields Around the Nanoparticle ..................................... 1076 30.6 New Dynamic Modes in Selective Plasmonic Nanotherapy .......................................... 1083 References ................................................ 1095 31 Carbon Nanotube Membrane Filters Anchal Srivastavo, Saurabh Srivastova, Kaushik Kalaga ..... 1099 31.1 Types of Filtration .................................. 1100 31.2 Mechanisms of Filtration ............................. 1101 31.3 Carbon Nanotube Membrane Filters ..................... 1102 31.4 Future Research Perspectives ......................... 1112 References ................................................ 1112 32 Nanomaterial Toxicity, Hazards, and Safety Zuzanna A. Lewicka, Vicki L. Colvin ....................... 1117 32.1 Engineered Nanomaterials - General Overview .......... 1118 32.2 Occurrence of Engineered Nanoparticles in the Environment .......................................... 1119 32.3 Effects of Nanoparticles on Organisms ................ 1120 32.4 Nanoparticle Physicochemical Characteristics of Relevance for Toxicology ............................. 1124 32.5 Special Case - Sunscreens ............................ 1130 32.6 Conclusions .......................................... 1132 References ................................................ 1133 Acknowledgements ............................................. 1143 About the Authors ............................................ 1145 Detailed Contents ............................................ 1163 Subject Index ................................................ 1181