Preface ......................................................... v
Chapter 1: Cylindrical Vector Beams ............................. 1
Qiwen Zhan
1 Introduction ................................................. 1
2 Mathematical description of cylindrical vector beams ......... 2
3 Graphical representation of cylindrical vector beams ......... 4
4 Generation of cylindrical vector beams ....................... 7
4.1 Passive generation methods in free space ................ 7
4.2 Passive generation methods using optical fiber ......... 11
4.3 Active generation methods .............................. 13
5 Cylindrical vector beams under high NA focusing ............. 16
6 Summary ..................................................... 23
References .................................................. 24
Chapter 2: Vector Optical Fields and their Novel Effects ....... 27
Hui-Tian Wang
1 Introduction ................................................ 27
2 Generation of vector optical fields ......................... 29
2.1 Local linearly polarized vector fields ................. 33
2.2 Hybridly polarized vector fields ....................... 40
3 Novel effects ............................................... 45
3.1 Optical cages .......................................... 45
3.2 Axial-symmetry broken vector fields .................... 51
3.3 Young's two-slit interference .......................... 57
3.4 Optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) ................. 63
4 Summary ..................................................... 68
References .................................................. 69
Chapter 3: Cylindrical Vector Beams for Spectroscopic
Imaging of Single Molecules and Nanoparticles .................. 73
Regina Jäger, Anna M. Chizhik, Alexey I. Chizhik, Frank
Wackenhut, Alfred J. Meixner
1 Introduction ................................................ 73
2 Theoretical background ...................................... 75
3 Instrumentation ............................................. 86
4 Fluorescence spheres to probe the quality of CVBs ........... 88
5 Single molecules ............................................ 89
6 Single nanoparticles ....................................... 103
6.1 Single SiO2 nanoparticles ............................. 103
6.2 Single silicon nanocrystals ........................... 106
6.3 Excitation isotropy of single CdSe/ZnS quantum
dots .................................................. 108
6.4 Optical characterization of single gold nanorods ...... 111
7 Orientation and position determination of a single
quantum emitter inside an optical microcavity .............. 113
8 Conclusions ................................................ 118
References ................................................. 118
Chapter 4: Comprehensive Focal Field Engineering with
Vectorial Optical Fields ...................................... 125
Weibin Chen and Qiwen Zhan
1 Introduction ............................................... 126
2 Three-dimensional focus shaping with CV beams .............. 127
3 Three-dimensional polarization control within focal
volume ..................................................... 133
4 Spherical spot with controllable 3D polarization ........... 141
5 Focus shaping through inverse dipole array radiation ....... 146
5.1 High purity optical needle field ...................... 147
5.2 3D optical tube, flattop focus and optical chain ...... 153
6 Conclusions ................................................ 157
References ................................................. 157
Chapter 5: Plasmonics with Vectorial Optical Fields ........... 161
Guanghao Rui and Qiwen Zhan
1 Surface plasmon polaritons ................................. 161
2 Interaction of vectorial fields with plasmonic structures .. 164
2.1 Planar metallic thin film ............................. 164
2.2 Bull's eye structures ................................. 169
2.3 Extraordinary optical transmission with radial
polarization .......................................... 177
2.4 Polarization mode matching and optimal plasmonic
focusing .............................................. 181
2.5 Archimedes' spiral plasmonic lens ..................... 182
2.6 Applications in near-field optical probe designs ...... 191
3 Conclusions ................................................ 198
References ................................................. 199
Chapter 6: Optical Measurement Techniques Utilizing
Vectorial Optical Fields ...................................... 201
Qiwen Zhan
1 Introduction ............................................... 201
2 Manipulation techniques for vectorial optical fields ....... 202
3 Microellipsometer with rotational symmetry ................. 206
3.1 Microellipsometer with rotational symmetry ............ 206
3.2 Nulling microellipsometer with rotational symmetry .... 211
4 Radial polarization interferometer ......................... 214
5 Rapid mueller matrix polarimetry ........................... 216
6 Atomic spin analyzer ....................................... 217
7 Summary .................................................... 218
References ................................................. 219
Chapter 7 : Partially Coherent Vector Beams: From Theory to
Experiment .................................................... 221
Yangjian Cai, Fei Wang, Chengliang Zhao, Shijun Zhu, Gaofeng
Wu, and Yiming Dong
1 Introduction ............................................... 221
2 Characterizations of partially coherent vector beams ....... 223
3 Partially coherent vector beams with uniform state
of polarization: theory .................................... 227
3.1 Partially coherent electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-
model beam ............................................ 227
3.2 Tensor method for treating the paraxial propagation
of partially coherent electromagnetic Gaussian
Schell-model beam...................................... 229
3.3 Statistics properties of a partially coherent
electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam in a
Gaussian cavity ....................................... 232
3.4 Propagation of a partially coherent electromagnetic
Gaussian Schell-model beam in turbulent atmosphere .... 235
3.5 Coincidence fractional Fourier transform with a
partially coherent electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-
model beam ............................................ 240
3.6 Degree of paraxiality of a partially coherent
electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam ............ 244
4 Partially coherent vector beams with uniform state
of polarization: experiment ................................ 247
4.1 Experimental generation and measurement of a
partially coherent electromagnetic beam ............... 247
4.2 Experimental coupling of a partially coherent
electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam into
a single-mode optical fiber ........................... 251
5 Partially coherent vector beams with non-uniform state of
polarization: theory ....................................... 254
5.1 Cylindrical vector partially coherent beam and
its paraxial propagation .............................. 255
5.2 Tight focusing properties of a partially coherent
azimuthally polarized beam ............................ 259
6 Partially coherent vector beams with non-uniform
state of polarization: experiment........................... 265
7 Summary .................................................... 268
References ................................................. 269
Index ......................................................... 275
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