 | Lee S.-K. Forest parameter estimation using polarimetric SAR interferometry techniques at low frequencies / Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik und Radarsysteme, Oberpfaffenhofen. - Köln: DLR, Bibliotheks- und Informationswesen, 2013. - xxii, 115 p.: ill. - (Forschungsbericht; 2013-09). - Bibliogr.: p.105-110. - ISSN 1434-8454
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List of Tables List of Figures
List of Symbols and Acronyms Abstract
Zusammenfassung
1 Introduction ................................................. 1
1.1 Motivation .............................................. 1
1.2 State-of-the-art ........................................ 2
1.2.1 SAR remote sensing ............................... 2
1.2.2 Temporal decorrelation ........................... 3
1.3 Goals of the thesis ..................................... 4
1.4 Synopsis ................................................ 5
2 Polarimetric SAR Interferometry .............................. 7
2.1 Synthetic Aperture Radar ................................ 7
2.1.1 SAR principle .................................... 7
2.1.2 SAR resolution ................................... 8
2.2 Polarimetric SAR ........................................ 9
2.2.1 Scattering matrix ................................ 9
2.2.2 Covariance and coherency matrices ............... 10
2.3 Interferometric SAR .................................... 12
2.3.1 Interferometric SAR principle ................... 12
2.3.2 Interferometric coherence and decorrelation ..... 15
2.4 Polarimetric SAR Interferometry ........................ 18
2.4.1 Pol-InSAR matrices .............................. 18
2.4.2 Coherence region and coherence boundary ......... 19
2.4.3 The scattering model and Pol-InSAR inversion .... 20
2.4.4 Implementation of Pol-InSAR model ............... 25
3 Data Sources ................................................ 27
3.1 E-SAR sensor ........................................... 27
3.2 BioSAR 2007 and 2008 campaigns ......................... 28
3.2.1 Remningstorp and Krycklan test sites ............ 28
3.2.2 Pol-InSAR data description ...................... 29
3.2.3 Lidar measurement data .......................... 32
3.3 TempoSAR 2008 and 2009 campaigns ....................... 34
3.3.1 Traunstein test site ............................ 34
3.3.2 Pol-InSAR data description ...................... 35
3.3.3 Lidar measurement data .......................... 35
3.3.4 Meteorological data ............................. 36
4 Pol-InSAR Inversion Results ................................. 39
4.1 Vertical wavenumber .................................... 39
4.1.1 Slope correction in Pol-InSAR ................... 39
4.1.2 Sensitivity of the vertical wavenumber .......... 42
4.2 New multi-baseline procedure for improved forest
height inversion results ............................... 45
4.2.1 Eccentricity of coherence boundary method ....... 45
4.2.2 Height accuracy method .......................... 47
4.3 Inversion results and validations ...................... 48
4.3.1 TempoSAR 2008 campaign .......................... 48
4.3.2 BioSAR 2007 campaign ............................ 51
4.3.3 BioSAR 2008 campaign ............................ 52
5 Temporal Decorrelation in Pol-InSAR Inversion ............... 59
5.1 Temporal decorrelation in Pol-InSAR model .............. 59
5.1.1 Temporal decorrelation in volume γTV ............ 62
5.1.2 Temporal decorrelation on the ground layer
γTG ............................................. 63
5.2 Investigations of temporal decorrelation on real
data ................................................... 65
5.2.1 Long-term temporal baselines: weeks to months ... 65
5.2.2 Mid-term temporal baselines: day to weeks ....... 70
5.2.3 Short-term temporal baselines: minutes to
hours ........................................... 79
5.2.4 Temporal decorrelation summary .................. 82
6 Implementation of Pol-InSAR Model on Spaceborne System ...... 83
6.1 Data simulation ....................................... 83
6.1.1 Resolution ....................................... 84
6.1.2 Noise Equivalent Sigma Zero (NESZ) .............. 84
6.1.3 Azimuth and range ambiguities ................... 86
6.1.4 Temporal decorrelation .......................... 86
6.2 Impact of system parameters at L-band .................. 86
6.2.1 Interferometric coherence ....................... 86
6.2.2 Pol-InSAR inversion ............................. 88
6.2.3 Temporal decorrelation effects .................. 90
6.3 Impact of system parameters at P-band .................. 91
6.3.1 Interferometric coherence ....................... 91
6.3.2 Pol-InSAR inversion ............................. 95
6.3.3 Temporal decorrelation effects .................. 95
7 Conclusions ................................................. 99
7.1 Summary ................................................ 99
7.2 Contributions ......................................... 102
7.3 Future work ........................................... 103
Bibliography .................................................. 105
Curriculum Vitae .............................................. 111
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