1 Refraction ................................................... 1
1.1 Value and Spectral Dependence ........................... 1
1.1.1 Natural Diamonds ................................. 1
1.1.2 HPHT Synthetic Diamonds .......................... 4
1.1.3 CVD Diamond Films ................................ 5
1.2 Dependence on Temperature, Pressure and Defects ......... 6
1.2.1 Temperature Dependence ........................... 6
1.2.2 Pressure Dependence .............................. 7
1.2.3 Influence of Defects ............................. 8
1.3 Birefringence ........................................... 8
1.3.1 Elasto-Optical Constants ......................... 8
1.3.2 Influence of Defects and Impurities .............. 9
2 Reflection and Transmission ................................. 13
2.1 Reflection ............................................. 13
2.1.1 Natural and HPHT Synthetic Diamonds ............. 13
2.1.2 CVD Diamond Films ............................... 15
2.1.3 Influence of Defects and External Forces ........ 15
3 Vibronic Absorption ......................................... 19
3.1 Intrinsic Features ..................................... 19
3.1.1 One-Phonon Region ............................... 19
3.1.2 Multi-Phonon Region ............................. 23
3.2 Defect-Induced Vibrational Bands ....................... 27
4 Scattering .................................................. 69
4.1 Rayleigh Scattering .................................... 69
4.2 Raman Scattering ....................................... 69
4.2.1 General Properties .............................. 69
4.2.2 Raman Features .................................. 73
4.3 Miscellaneous ......................................... 121
5 Optical Electronic Transitions ............................. 125
5.1 Optical Bands ......................................... 125
5.2 Optical Continua ...................................... 359
5.3 Electron-Phonon Coupling at Optical Centers ........... 372
6 Coloration of Diamond ...................................... 377
6.1 Red ................................................... 377
6.2 Yellow ................................................ 379
6.3 Green ................................................. 381
6.4 Blue .................................................. 383
6.5 Brown ................................................. 384
6.6 White ................................................. 386
6.7 Dark and Black ........................................ 386
6.8 Miscellaneous ......................................... 386
7 Physical Classification of Diamond ......................... 389
7.1 Type 1 ................................................ 389
7.1.1 Type Ia ........................................ 389
7.1.2 Type Ib ........................................ 390
7.1.3 Type Ic ........................................ 391
7.2 Type II ............................................... 391
7.2.1 Type IIa ....................................... 391
7.2.2 Type IIb ....................................... 392
7.2.3 Type IIe ....................................... 392
7.3 Miscellaneous ......................................... 392
8 Interaction with Energetic Light Beams ..................... 395
8.1 Laser Treatment ....................................... 395
8.1.1 ArF Laser (6.42 eV, 193 nm) .................... 396
8.1.2 KrF Laser (5.0 eV, 248 nm) ..................... 397
8.1.3 Frequency Quadrupled Nd:YAG Laser (4.66 eV,
266 nm) ........................................ 398
8.1.4 XeCl Laser (4.02 eV, 308 nm) ................... 398
8.1.5 Copper Vapor Laser (2.43 eV, 510 nm) ........... 399
8.1.6 Ar+ Laser (2.99 eV, 415 and 2.54 eV, 514 nm) ... 399
8.1.7 Frequency Doubled Nd:YAG Laser (2.33 eV, 532
nm) ............................................ 399
8.1.8 Ruby Laser (1.786 eV, 694 nm) .................. 400
8.1.9 Nd:YAG Laser (1.17 eV, 1.06 μn) ................ 400
8.1.10 CO2 Laser (0.117 eV, 10.6 μm) .................. 401
8.2 Synchrotron Irradiation ............................... 401
8.3 Miscellaneous ......................................... 402
9 Thermostimulated Luminescence and Tunnel Luminescence ...... 405
9.1 TSL and TL Features ................................... 405
9.2 Optical Centers in TSL ................................ 409
9.3 Miscellaneous ......................................... 410
10 Photoconductivity .......................................... 413
10.1 Thresholds and Peaks .................................. 413
10.2 Microwave Photoconductivity ........................... 423
10.3 Miscellaneous ......................................... 426
11 Related Data ............................................... 429
11.1 Mechanical Properties ................................. 429
11.2 Edge Electronic Transitions ........................... 431
11.3 Thermal Properties .................................... 432
11.4 Lattice Structure and Defects ......................... 434
11.5 Anisotropy and Polarization ........................... 436
11.6 Electrical Properties ................................. 437
11.7 Luminescence Excitation ............................... 439
11.7.1 Cathodoluminescence ............................ 439
11.7.2 Photoluminescence .............................. 440
11.7.3 X-Ray Luminescence ............................. 442
11.7.4 Electroluminescence ............................ 442
11.7.5 Iono- and γ-Luminescence ....................... 443
11.8 Impurities ............................................ 444
11.9 Gem Diamonds .......................................... 445
11.10 Miscellaneous ........................................ 446
Appendix: Abbreviations, Definitions and Methods .............. 449
References .................................................... 463
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