Homage ......................................................... xi
Preface ...................................................... xiii
1 The Meaning of Ri-me ......................................... i
2 The Biography of Kongtrul Yönten Gyatso ..................... 15
3 The History of the Teaching Lineages That Came to Tibet ..... 55
The Teaching Lineages of the Sutras ......................... 55
Vinaya ................................................... 55
Abhidharma ............................................... 58
Pramana .................................................. 60
Prajnaparamita ........................................... 65
Madhyamaka ............................................... 68
The Teaching Lineages of the Tantras ........................ 74
The Teaching Lineages of the Nyingma Tantras ............. 74
The Sarma Teachings of the Mother and Father Tantras ..... 79
The Three Lower Tantras .................................. 93
4 The History of the Eight Practice Lineages .................. 97
The Teachings of the Nyingma Lineage ........................ 97
The Mind Transmission Lineage ............................ 97
The Symbolic Transmission Lineage ........................ 98
The Hearing Transmission Lineage ......................... 98
The Six Transmission Lineages ............................ 99
Kama: The Oral Tradition ................................ 105
Terma: The Hidden Treasures ............................. 117
The History of the Kadampa Tradition ....................... 121
Jowo Je Atisha .......................................... 121
Atishas Main Students ................................... 122
The Gelugpa Tradition ...................................... 124
Tsongkhapa Lozang Dragpa ................................ 124
Tsongkhapa's Students and Lineage Holders ............... 126
The History of the Lamdre Practice Lineage ................. 127
Virupa and Drogmi ....................................... 127
Sachen Kunga Nyingpo .................................... 129
Sakya Pandita and Chogyal Phagpa ........................ 131
Other Sakya Lineage Holders ............................. 132
The History of the Marpa Kagyu Lineage ..................... 133
Marpa Lotsawa ........................................... 134
Milarepa ................................................ 135
Rechungpa and His Lineage ............................... 135
Gampopa and His Lineage ................................. 136
The Tsalpa Kagyu and Barom Kagyu ........................ 137
The Kamtsang Kagyu and the Karmapas ..................... 138
The Phagdru Kagyu Lineage ............................... 140
The First Three of the Eight Kagyu Subschools ........... 141
The Drugpa Kagyu Lineage ................................ 142
The Last Four Kagyu Subschools ....................... 143
The History of the Shangpa Kagyu Lineage ................... 143
The History of the Shije, or Pacification, Lineage ......... 146
The Chod Lineage ..................................... 148
Jordruk: The Lineage of the Six-Branched
Practice of Vajra Yoga ............................... 150
The History of the Approach and Accomplishment of the
Three Vajras ............................................... 153
5 The Essential Teachings of the Eight Practice Lineages ..... 155
Ngagyur Nyingma: The Early Translation Tradition ........... 155
Dzogchen ................................................ 155
Kama .................................................... 158
Terma ................................................... 158
Pure Vision ............................................. 160
Refutation of Criticism of the Nyingma Teachings ........ 161
The Main Teachings of the Kadampa .......................... 161
Specific Scriptures, Instructions, and Oral
Instructions ............................................ 162
Teachings for the Three Types of Individuals ............ 162
The Essence of the Teachings of the Gelugpa ................ 164
The Three Foundations of Practice ....................... 165
Ground, Path, and Result ................................ 165
The Teachings of the Glorious Sakyapa ...................... 167
The Three Visions ....................................... 167
The Presentation of the Path ............................ 168
Tantric Practice ........................................ 169
The Golden Teachings of the Sakya ....................... 171
The Teachings of the Dagpo Kagyu ........................... 172
Ground, Path, and Result ................................ 172
The Six Yogas of Naropa ................................. 173
Sutra Mahamudra ......................................... 174
Tantra Mahamudra ........................................ 175
Special Teachings of the Individual Kagyu Lineages ...... 177
The Teachings of the Shangpa Kagyu ......................... 180
The Six Yogas of the Shangpa Kagyu ...................... 180
Mahamudra in the Shangpa Kagyu Tradition ................ 181
Descriptions of Accomplishment .......................... 181
The Teachings of the Pacification Lineage .................. 182
The Teachings of the Chod Lineage .......................... 184
The Six-Branched Practice ofVajra Yoga ..................... 187
The Approach and Accomplishment of the Three Vajras ........ 189
6 Rangtong and Shentong Madhyamaka ........................... 193
An Overview of Madhyamaka .................................. 193
Rangtong Madhyamaka ........................................ 195
The Svatantrika Tradition ............................... 195
The Prasangika Lineage in Tibet ......................... 196
The Common View of Prasangika and Svatantrika ........... 197
The Five Great Reasonings of Madhyamaka ................. 199
Distinctions between Prasangika and Svatantrika
Madhyamaka .............................................. 202
An Overview of the Prasangika Analysis .................. 204
The Three Special Points of Chandrakirti ................ 208
The Eight Special Points of Tsongkhapa .................. 209
The Five Special Points of Kongtrul ..................... 210
Tagtsang Lotsawa's Way of Teaching Prasangika
Madhyamaka .............................................. 213
Shentong Madhyamaka ........................................ 214
The Sources of Shentong ................................. 214
The Views of Shakya Chogden and Dolpopa ................. 216
The Shentong View of the Ground Madhyamaka .............. 218
The Shentong Understanding of the Three Natures ......... 220
Shentong Is Not the Same as Chittamatra ................. 223
Taranatha's Refutation of Shentong as Vedanta ........... 224
The Main Differences between Rangtong and Shentong ...... 226
Equal Respect for the Traditions of Nagarjuna and
Asanga .................................................. 227
Distinguishing Vijnanavada and Chittamatra .............. 230
Tantra Madhyamaka .......................................... 232
7 The Traditions of the Nyingma and Sarma Tantras ............ 237
Classifications of the Tantras ............................. 237
Commonalities of the Nyingma and Sarma Tantras ............. 239
Distinctions in the Nyingma and Sarma Tantras .............. 241
Mipham Rinpoche's Rebuttal of the Criticism of the
Nyingma Tantras ............................................ 244
Thukan Chökyi Dorje's Refutation ..........,................ 251
Atisha's Statements on the Early Tantras ................... 255
Specific Criticism of the Dzogchen Teachings ............... 257
Shechen Gyaltsap's Refutation of the Criticism of the
Dzogchen Teachings ......................................... 260
Acknowledgments ............................................... 287
Notes ......................................................... 289
Sources ....................................................... 293
Index ......................................................... 311
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