Tabandek H. The Retina in Systemic Disease: A Color Manual of Ophthalmoscopy / H.Tabandek, M.F.Goldberg. - New York: Thieme Medical Publishers Inc., 2009. - xv, 366 p.: ill. - Ind.: p.335-366. - ISBN 978-160406-055-3  Место хранения:   01 | ГПНТБ СО РАН | Новосибирск

Оглавление / Contents

Foreword ....................................................... xi Preface ...................................................... xiii Acknowledgments ................................................ xv Section I Examination of the Retina 1 Anatomy of the Eye ........................................... 3 2 Normal Fundus ................................................ 6 3 Ophthalmoscopy Made Simple .................................. 10 4 Dilation of Pupil ........................................... 19 5 Pearls ...................................................... 20 Section II Clinical Signs in the Retina and Differential Diagnosis 6 Retinal Hemorrhages ......................................... 25 7 Hard Exudates ............................................... 30 8 Microaneurysms .............................................. 34 9 Cotton-Wool Spots ........................................... 36 10 Retinal Edema ............................................... 39 11 Retinal Neovascularization .................................. 41 12 Iris Neovascularization ..................................... 45 13 Retinal Emboli .............................................. 47 14 Retinal Crystal Deposition .................................. 50 15 Retinal Vascular Sheathing .................................. 53 16 Retinal Vascular Telangiectasis ............................. 55 17 Retinal Detachment .......................................... 56 18 Bull's-Eye Maculopathy ...................................... 61 19 Cherry-Red Spot at the Macula ............................... 63 20 Angioid Streaks ............................................. 65 21 Optic Disc Swelling ......................................... 67 22 Choroidal Folds ............................................. 69 23 Pigmented Lesions ........................................... 71 24 Chorioretinal Mass Lesions .................................. 76 25 Vitreous Opacities .......................................... 79 Section III The Retina in Systemic Disease 26 Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders ........................... 85 Diabetic Retinopathy ........................................ 85 Thyroid Disorders .......................................... 109 27 Cardiovascular Disorders ................................... 1ll Systemic Hypertension ...................................... 1ll Central and Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO and BRAO) ...................................................... 119 Central and Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO and BRVO) ...................................................... 124 Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm ............................. 128 Carotid Artery Disease (Ocular Ischemic Syndrome) .......... 130 Hyperlipidemia ............................................. 131 28 Infectious Diseases ........................................ 133 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) ........................... 133 Cytomegalovirus Infections ................................. 134 Herpes Zoster Virus (HZV) and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) ...................................................... 137 Tuberculosis ............................................... 140 Syphilis ................................................... 142 Lyme Disease ............................................... 144 Cat-Scratch Disease ........................................ 146 Bacteremia ................................................. 148 Nocardiosis ................................................ 150 Toxoplasmosis .............................................. 151 Histoplasmosis ............................................. 154 Cryptococcosis ............................................. 156 Fungemia ................................................... 157 Toxocariasis ............................................... 160 Cysticercosis .............................................. 163 Pneumocystis Carinii ....................................... 164 29 Neurologic Disorders ....................................... 165 Papilledema ................................................ 165 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri) ................................................... 170 Optic Neuritis ............................................. 172 Ischemic Optic Neuropathy .................................. 173 Toxic/Nutritional Optic Neuropathy ......................... 175 Hereditary Optic Neuropathy ................................ 176 Optic Nerve Atrophy ........................................ 178 Optic Disc Anomalies ....................................... 179 Terson Syndrome ............................................ 190 Vascular Malformations ..................................... 191 Tuberous Sclerosis (Bourneville Syndrome) .................. 198 30 Hematologic Disorders ...................................... 201 Sickle Cell Hemoglobinopathies ............................. 201 Hyperviscosity Syndrome .................................... 206 Hypercoagulable States ..................................... 208 Bleeding Disorders ......................................... 209 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) ............... 210 Anemia ..................................................... 211 31 Gastrointestinal Disorders ................................. 213 Inflammatory Bowel Disease ................................. 213 Whipple Disease ............................................ 214 Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (Gardner Syndrome) .......... 215 Pancreatitis ............................................... 216 Liver Disease .............................................. 217 32 Pulmonary Disorders ........................................ 219 Sarcoidosis ................................................ 219 33 Skin Disorders ............................................. 224 Albinism ................................................... 224 Oculodermal Melanocytosis .................................. 228 Incontinentia Pigmenti (Block-Sulzberger Syndrome) ......... 230 Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum ................................... 234 Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome ..................................... 236 34 Rheumatologic Disorders .................................... 238 Retinal Vasculitis ......................................... 238 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ............................... 241 Wegener Granulomatosis ..................................... 242 Polyarteritis Nodosa ....................................... 243 Churg-Strauss Syndrome ..................................... 244 Giant Cell Arteritis ....................................... 245 Relapsing Polychondritis ................................... 245 Rheumatoid Arthritis ....................................... 246 Ankylosing Spondylitis ..................................... 248 Reiter Syndrome ............................................ 248 Sjogren Syndrome ........................................... 249 Juvenile Spondyloarthropathy (Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis) ................................................. 249 Behcet Syndrome ............................................ 250 Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome .............................. 251 Marfan Syndrome ............................................ 254 Stickler Syndrome .......................................... 255 Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Maculopathy ............. 255 35 Oncology ................................................... 256 Choroidal Nevus ............................................ 256 Choroidal Melanoma ......................................... 257 Retinoblastoma ............................................. 261 Metastasis ................................................. 265 Leukemia ................................................... 269 Lymphoma ................................................... 272 Cancer-Associated Retinopathy .............................. 274 Radiation Retinopathy ...................................... 275 Bone Marrow Transplant-Associated Retinopathy .............. 277 Tamoxifen Retinopathy ...................................... 278 36 Otolaryngology ............................................. 280 Usher Syndrome ............................................. 280 Cogan Syndrome ............................................. 282 37 Pediatric Disorders ........................................ 283 Shaken Baby Syndrome/Child Abuse ........................... 283 Retinopathy of Prematurity ................................. 286 Congenital and Neonatal Infections ......................... 294 38 Pregnancy .................................................. 300 39 Drug-Related Retinopathy ................................... 303 Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)fChloroquine ................. 303 Phenothiazines ............................................. 305 Thioridazine (Mellaril) .................................... 305 Tamoxifen .................................................. 305 Canthaxanthine ............................................. 307 Interferon ................................................. 307 Isotretinoin (Accutane) .................................... 308 Methoxyflurane Anesthesia .................................. 308 Talc ....................................................... 309 Other Drug-Related Retinal and Optic Nerve Toxicities ...... 310 40 Retinal Disorders .......................................... 313 Age-Related Macular Degeneration ........................... 313 Choroidal (Subretinal) Neovascularization .................. 317 Retinal Detachment ......................................... 318 Retinitis Pigmentosa ....................................... 322 Macular Hole ............................................... 325 Pathologic Myopia .......................................... 326 Appendix A: Abbreviations of Retinal Terminology .............. 330 Appendix B: Glossary of Retinal Terminology ................... 332 Index ......................................................... 335