1 The regional characteristics of the relatively well
progressing advancement ...................................... 5
1.1 The beginnings of aviation between the two world wars ... 6
1.2 Soviet-type air transport in COMECON countries in the
state socialist period .................................. 7
1.2.1 State-owned airlines influenced by COMECON
contracts ........................................ 7
1.2.2 The contradiction between the relatively dense
airport network and the outdated air fleet
encumbering inter-continental airline
connection ...................................... 12
1.2.3 Domestic air transport as an indirect social
benefit ......................................... 13
1.2.4 International air transport: an extensive
network with few passengers ..................... 17
2 From torso to a success sector: Changes in air transport
during the regime change and after the collapse of the
former state formations until the 21st century .............. 18
2.1 The polarisation of development by macro-regions/
country blocs .......................................... 18
2.1.1 From over-sized (?) to slimmed and strongly
segmented air transport in CIS countries ........ 18
2.1.2 A promising experiment for closing up to the
increasing demand and for quality improvement
in Visegrad Four Countries and in the Baltic
States .......................................... 20
2.2 The harmonisation of the air transport system of
Eastern Central Europe with the transport policy of
the European Community/Union in organ isational
restructuring and technical modernisation .............. 21
2.2.1 The slow progress of liberalisation/
deregulation and privatisation, the problems
of development .................................. 21
2.2.2 The (transitory?) role of the European
Community in the retrieving the losses of air
transport in Eastern Europe ..................... 24
2.2.3 The uneven and partial modernisation of air
fleets - the replacement of Soviet-made
aircraft into western ones ...................... 27
3 An abundance of airlines - moderately growing air fleets -
low intensity airlines ...................................... 30
3.1 The distribution of the air fleet of airlines by
service types and traffic volume ....................... 30
3.2 The increasing role of discount ('low-cost') carriers
in the air transport of Eastern Central Europe and
the Baltic Region, their possible emergence in CIS
countries .............................................. 33
3.3 The spatial characteristics of airport supply .......... 35
References .................................................. 44
List of figures
Figure 1 The domestic airline network of Eastern Central
European countries in 1959 ........................... 15
List of tables
Table 1 The percentage of the national airlines of COMECON
member states from the total volume of passenger
traffic and distance in the COMECON block in years
1971/1972 .............................................. 9
Table 2 The percentage of the national airlines of COMECON
member states in the total volume of cargo weight
traffic and cargo weight delivery distance traffic
in the years 1971/1972 ................................ 11
Table 3 The major tasks of the transformation of air
transport in the different country blocks of Eastern
Europe ................................................ 22
Table 4 EU grants allocated for the development of Eastern
European economy and herein the development of the
air transport sector in million ECU, 1993-1996 ........ 26
Table 5 The total and relative passenger traffic of the
countries of Central and Eastern Europe in 2005 ....... 32
Table 6 The public airport supply/density of countries ........ 37
Table 7 The division of the scheduled airline traffic volume
of some Eastern European airports by continent
destinations in year 2002 ............................. 40
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