 | Peiponen K.-E. Optical measurement techniques: innovations for industry and the life sciences / K.-E.Peiponen, R.Myllylä, A.V.Priezzhev. - Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2009. - viii, 155 p.: ill. - (Springer series in optical sciences; 136). - Ref.: p.137-150. - Ind.: p.151-155. - ISSN 0342-4111; ISBN 978-3-540-71926-4
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Preface ......................................................... V
1 Introduction ................................................. 1
2 Applied Optical Spectroscopy ................................. 3
2.1 Transmission Spectroscopy ............................... 4
2.2 Measurement of Turbidity of Liquids ..................... 9
2.3 Reflection Spectroscopy ................................ 11
2.3.1 Refractometer ................................... 11
2.3.2 Reflectometer with Wavelength Scanning Mode ..... 12
2.4 Measurement of Diffuse Reflection from Porous Media .... 22
2.5 On Estimation of Optical Constants of Porous Media ..... 24
2.6 Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy ......................... 26
2.7 Conclusions ............................................ 28
3 Machine Vision Systems ...................................... 31
3.1 Inspection of Plastic Cover of Mobile Telephone ........ 31
3.2 Diffractive Optical Element Based Machine Vision
Gauge for Float Glass Thickness Measurement ............ 32
3.2.1 Diffractive Optical Element ..................... 32
3.2.2 Float Glass ..................................... 33
3.2.3 DOE as an On-Line Thickness Gauge of Float
Glass ........................................... 33
3.3 Machine Vision System for Monitoring Compressed
Paper .................................................. 36
3.4 Imaging Spectrometer ................................... 37
3.5 Conclusions ............................................ 39
4 Optical Inspection of Surface Roughness and Gloss ........... 41
4.1 Definition of Surface Roughness Parameters ............. 42
4.2 Optical Inspection of Finishing Marks .................. 45
4.3 Measurement of Surface Roughness Using Laser Beam
as a Probe of Specular Reflection ..................... 47
4.4 Measurement of Surface Roughness Using Focused Laser
Beam ................................................... 52
4.5 Low Coherent Proximity Sensor for Surface Roughness
Monitoring ............................................. 55
4.6 Low Coherence Interferometer as a Surface
Profilometer of Porous Media ........................... 56
4.7 Specular Gloss ........................................ 58
4.8 Diffractive Optical Element Based Glossmeter ........... 60
4.9 Statistical Parameters for Gloss Assessment ............ 64
4.10 Conclusions ............................................ 66
5 Measurement of Positions, Distances, and Displacement ....... 67
5.1 Distance Measurement ................................... 68
5.1.1 Laser Pulse Time-of-Flight Distance Measurement .... 73
5.2 Laser Radar ............................................ 79
5.3 Gated Imaging .......................................... 81
5.4 Light Beam Position Measurement Using Position
Sensitive Detector (PSD) ............................... 82
5.4.1 Resolution and Turbulence ....................... 86
5.5 Applications ........................................... 88
5.5.1 Traffic Control Applications .................... 88
5.5.2 Medical Applications ............................ 90
5.5.3 Industrial Applications ......................... 92
5.5.4 Monitoring of Bridges ........................... 95
5.5.5 Railway Track Measuring and Guidance of the
Tamping Machine ................................. 97
5.5.6 Marksmanship Training ........................... 99
5.6 Conclusions ........................................... 100
6 Laser Velocimetry .......................................... 103
6.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry ............................. 104
6.2 Long-Range Velocity Measurements and Wind Lidars ...... 108
6.3 Laser Doppler Microscopes ............................. 1ll
6.4 Doppler Optical Coherent Tomographs ................... 116
6.5 Laser Doppler Flowmeters and Perfusion Imagers ........ 124
6.6 Particle Image Velocimeters (Including
Capillaroscopes and Angiographers) .................... 127
6.7 Conclusions ........................................... 136
References .................................................... 137
Index ......................................................... 151
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