LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ........................................... ix
PREFACE ...................................................... xiii
1 INTRODUCTION .......................... ...................... 1
Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz, Alfred Becker and Fred
F. Hattermann
WHAT IS THIS DOCUMENT FOR? ................................... 1
THE WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE - A CHALLENGE .................. 5
2 HOW CAN MODELS HELP IMPLEMENTING THE WATER FRAMEWORK
DIRECTIVE? .................................................. 11
Alfred Becker, Rodolfo Soncini-Sessa, Andrea
Castelletti, Fred F. Hattermann, Patrick Willems, Per
Stålnacke, Yann Laurans and W.J. (Wim) de Lange
FRAMEWORK FOR MODEL SUPPORTED PARTICIPATORY PLANNING OF
MEASURES IN IMPLEMENTING THE WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE ...... 11
The planning process of implementing the Water
Framework Directive ...................................... 11
Framework for model supported implementation of the
Directive ................................................ 16
Checklist for effective model use ........................ 24
Iterative process of arriving at the decision ............ 29
FIRST IMPLEMENTATION PHASE: ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT STATUS,
SETUP OF MONITORING PROGRAMMES AND EVALUATION OF
A BASELINE SCENARIO (GAP ANALYSIS) .......................... 31
Identification and characterization of water bodies
and optimization of the monitoring network ............... 32
Joint use of monitoring and modelling .................... 32
Identification of pressures and formulation of
a Baseline Scenario ...................................... 38
SECOND IMPLEMENTATION PHASE: SUPPORT FOR DESIGN AND SETUP
OF PROGRAMMES OF MEASURES AND OF THE RIVER BASIN
MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................. 42
The River Basin Management Plan .......................... 42
Planning for an uncertain future - scenario definition
and model support ........................................ 43
Model supported design of the Programme of Measures ...... 47
THIRD IMPLEMENTATION PHASE: SUPPORT FOR IMPLEMENTING THE
PROGRAMMES OF MEASURES ...................................... 50
Adjustment of River Basin Management Plans ............... 51
Operational modelling .................................... 51
FOURTH IMPLEMENTATION PHASE: SUPPORT FOR EVALUATING THE
PROGRAMMES OF MEASURES AND IMPROVEMENTS ACHIEVED ............ 53
3 MODELLING - A PRIMER FOR PRACTITIONERS ...................... 55
Fred F. Hattermann, Patrick Willems and Zbigniew
W. Kundzewicz
INTRODUCTION ................................................ 55
What is a model? ......................................... 56
SPECIFICS OF THE MODELLING PROCESS - TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS ... 58
Model selection .......................................... 59
Component models ......................................... 67
Model systems for integrative and multidisciplinary
analysis ................................................. 68
Model calibration and validation ......................... 73
RELIABILITY OF MODEL RESULTS ................................ 75
Uncertainties in input data and model parameters ......... 77
Uncertainties in model structure ......................... 79
Quantification of uncertainties and how to cope with
them ..................................................... 81
QUALITY ASSURANCE ........................................... 82
SYNTHESIS ................................................... 84
4 THE ROLE OF PARTICIPATION, SOCIAL LEARNING, AND ADAPTATION
IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS .......................................... 87
Claudia Pahl-Wostl
PARADIGMS OF ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF
PARTICIPATION ............................................... 87
WHAT IS SOCIAL LEARNING? .................................... 89
ROLE OF MODELS TO SUPPORT PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .............. 90
RULES OF GOOD PRACTICE ...................................... 91
5 THE WISE-RTD WEB PORTAL: EXPERIENCES, GUIDANCE AND TOOLS .... 93
Patrick Willems and W.J. (Wim) de Lange
INFORMATION SOURCES IN SUPPORT OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
TASKS ....................................................... 96
6 PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES FROM EXISTING CASE STUDIES AND PILOT
RIVER BASINS ................................................ 99
Alfred Becker, Andrea Castelletti, Geoffrey D. Gooch,
Fred F. Hattermann, Stefan Kaden, Zbigniew
W. Kundzewicz, Yann Laurans, Susanne Muhar, Rodolfo
Soncini-Sessa, Per Stålnacke and Patrick Willems
BRIEF CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CASE STUDIES .................. 99
EXAMPLE 1: MARNE/SEINE/NORMANDIE - USING MODELS FOR THE
WFD BASELINE SCENARIO ...................................... 101
Yann Laurans
Baseline scenario rationale ............................. 101
Application of the Planning Framework (IMA) ............. 106
EXAMPLE 2: CASE-STUDIES FOR THE WITTE NETE AND DENDER
TRIBUTARIES IN THE SCHELDT PILOT RIVER BASIN ............... 121
Patrick Willems
Introduction ............................................ 121
Witte Nete subbasin ..................................... 122
Dender basin ............................................ 144
EXAMPLE 3: PARTICIPATORY INTEGRATED PLANNING (PIP) IN THE
VERBANO CASE STUDY ......................................... 168
Andrea Castelletti and Rodolfo Soncini-Sessa
Introduction ............................................ 168
The steps of the planning framework ..................... 170
The set of the compromise alternatives .................. 182
Final political decision ................................ 184
EXAMPLE 4: THE LAKE PEIPSI AND ITS DRAINAGE BASIN CASE
STUDY ...................................................... 184
Per Stalnacke and Geoffrey D. Gooch
Introduction ............................................ 184
The steps of the planning framework ..................... 185
Conclusions ............................................. 201
EXAMPLE 5: THE SPREE RIVER BASIN CASE STUDY ................ 202
Stefan Kaden and Alfred Becker
Introduction ............................................ 202
The steps of the planning framework ..................... 202
Final political decision ................................ 213
The planning framework .................................. 213
EXAMPLE 6: THE RIVER MOLL STUDY - INTEGRATIVE RIVER
MANAGEMENT IN THE ALPINE REGION ............................ 214
Susanne Muhar
Introduction ............................................ 214
The steps of the planning framework ..................... 214
Conclusions ............................................. 222
CONCLUSIONS - WESSONS LEARNT FROM THE CASE STUDIES ......... 222
GLOSSARY ...................................................... 225
REFERENCES .................................................... 229
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................... 241
LIST OF TABLES ................................................ 247
INDEX ......................................................... 249
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